Raynaud's phenomenon

Haque, Ashraful; Hughes, Michael

doi:10.7861/clinmed.2020-0754

Cited by 42 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The SRP is possibly a manifestation of underlying etiologies including rheumatological, neurological, and hematological disorders (Table 1 ). The complications are more severe in SRP ultimately leading to amputation if not treated immediately [ 1 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Raynaud’s Secondary to Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis

Vulasala¹,

Ahmed²,

Onteddu³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is an episodic digital vasospastic condition that is prevalent among 5% of the population. The symptoms range from reversible pallor to ischemia and gangrene. RP can be primary or secondary. We discuss a case of severe RP secondary to granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) that presented with ischemia and gangrene. Studies show that approximately <1% of GPA cases have similar presentations. Early diagnosis and management are essential to halt the progression of ischemia. Calcium channel blockers are the first-line medications used in RP. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists, and prostacyclin analogs are proven to be effective in cases of severe RP. Sympathectomy and amputation are considered as the extreme options in patients with refractory symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RP could be primary or secondary. Eighty to ninety percent of RP cases are identified as idiopathic/primary RP [ 1 ] with no underlying etiology. The secondary RP (SRP) has a broad etiology including connective tissue, hormonal, vascular, and hematological abnormalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raynaud’s Secondary to Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis

Vulasala¹,

Ahmed²,

Onteddu³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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“…Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is an episodic, vasospastic disorder affecting the small muscular arteries and arterioles of the acra, such as fingers, toes, and, less frequently, nose and ears [ 1 ]. It is characterized by a triphasic attack with color changes, starting with pallor of the skin due to vasospasm, followed by cyanosis as a result of deoxygenation and ending with rubor caused by tissue reperfusion [ 1 ]. Common trigger factors are cold temperature and emotional stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common trigger factors are cold temperature and emotional stress. RP affects approximately 5% of the general population, particularly women [ 1 , 2 ]. Risk factors include smoking, migraine, and family history of RP [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Raynaud’s Phenomenon after COVID-19 Vaccination: Causative Association, Temporal Connection, or Mere Bystander?

et al. 2021

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Herein, we report a case of a new-onset Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP), which occurred in an otherwise healthy 31-year-old Caucasian woman, who lacked any known risk factors and associations with possible causes for secondary RP. However, 2 weeks prior to the development of RP, the patient had received her first injection of the COVID-19 vaccine containing ChAdOx1-SARS-COV-2. The patient presented with well-demarcated, white-pale, cold areas involving the middle fingers of both hands and the ring finger of the right hand, which were triggered by exposure to cold environment and accompanied by a sensation of numbness. Infrared thermography revealed notable temperature differences of up to 10.9°C between affected and nonaffected fingers. Coagulation and immunological parameters, including cryoglobulins and pathological autoantibodies, were within the normal range and antibodies to the heparin/platelet factor 4 complex not detectable. It remains unclear if the development of RP in our patient is causally related to antecedent COVID-19 vaccination; however, the temporal connection to the vaccination, the complete absence of RP in her past medical history, and the lack of any risk factors and triggers raise the suspicion of a yet unknown association with the vaccine. Whether a clear association between the development of RP and COVID-19 vaccination exists or whether RP represents a bystander effect needs to be awaited in case observational reports on RP accumulate. Given the steadily rising numbers of people receiving COVID-19 vaccinations, physicians may remain alert to still unrecognized side effects.

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