Rayleigh scattering in the upper atmosphere

Stergis, C. G.

doi:10.1016/0021-9169(66)90033-x

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The cross section of Rayleigh scattering in the atmosphere was studied by PENNDORF (1957( , STERGIS (1966 and DALGARNO (1962). The deviation from the well-known A4 law is appreciable for A <3,000 A.…”

Section: Photometric Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of nitric oxide abundance in equatorial upper atmosphere.

Tohmatsu

Iwagami

1976

J. geomagn. geoelec

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The altitude distribution of nitric oxide gamma band emissions in the day airglow was measured by the ultraviolet radiometer aboard a sounding rocket flown early in the morning from Thumba, India. The nitric oxide (NO) concentration could be determined for the first time in the equatorial upper atmosphere in the altitude range between 85 and 140km. The altitude distribution of NO below 105km is similar to those obtained by Meira in 1969 and by the present authors in 1973. The absolute concentration is, however, by a factor of 2 to 4 smaller than that measured in previous experiments. A maximum concentration of (2.7f0.6)x107cm 3 appears at the 105f2 km altitude. The concentration drops off quickly as the altitude increases from 105 to 120km, then decreases rather slowly at higher altitudes. The small abundance of NO can be interpreted by a combined effect of the diurnal variation of odd nitrogen species and reduced solar ultraviolet fluxes producing excited atomic nitrogen N(2D). It favors again a smaller abundance of N(2D) caused by the deactivation due to atomic oxygen.

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Section: Photometric Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of nitric oxide abundance in equatorial upper atmosphere.

Tohmatsu

Iwagami

1976

J. geomagn. geoelec

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“…Other species exist in such small concentrations that their effect on the lidar signal and retrieved temperatures is insignificant. The Rayleigh backscatter crosssections for the included species are determined using the same procedure as described by Stergis (1966) which requires the refractive index and depolarization factor for each species. Updated refractive index values for O 2 and N 2 were obtained from Washburn (http://www.knovel.com/knovel2/ Toc.jsp?BookID=735).…”

Section: Rayleigh Backscatter Cross Sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper altitude limit for Rayleigh lidar

Argall

2007

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract. It has long been assumed that Rayleigh lidar can be used to measure atmospheric temperature profiles up to about 90 or 100 km and that above this region the technique becomes invalid due to changes in atmospheric composition which affect basic assumptions on which Rayleigh lidar is based. Modern powerful Rayleigh lidars are able to measure backscatter from well above 100 km requiring a closer examination of the effects of the changing atmospheric composition on derived Rayleigh lidar temperature profiles.The NRLMSISE-00 model has been used to simulate lidar signal (photon-count) profiles, taking into account the effects of changing atmospheric composition, enabling a quantitative analysis of the biases and errors associated with extending Rayleigh lidar temperature measurements above 100 km. The biases associated with applying a nominal correction for the change in atmospheric composition with altitude has also been investigated.The simulations reported here show that in practice the upper altitude limit for Rayleigh lidar is imposed more by the accuracy of the temperature or pressure used to seed the temperature retrieval algorithm than by accurate knowledge of the atmospheric composition as has long been assumed.

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“…Since approximate f-numbers are available for most of the transitions in nitrogen and oxygen, improved estimates of the scattering cross sections can be obtained by means of this equation (Stergis, 1966). Alternatively, one might attempt to scale the results for hydrogen as given by Mittleman and Wolf (1962).…”

Section: F Nlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Radiation Phenomena. Volume Ii. The Equilibrium Radiative Properties of Air - Theory

Armstrong¹,

Nicholls²

1967

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INTRODUCTIONThis volume is one of a set which is concerned with all aspects of thermal radiation phenomena in heated air, over a wide range of temperature and density. Thermal radiation phenomena are meant to be those which arise due to or are related to, the passage of electromagnetic energy through an atmosphere of some type when significant interaction occurs between the radiation stream and the atmosphere. It is usually implied that some type of partial thermal equilibrium is produced by this interaction, although not a complete one, of course. In the case of complete thermal equilibrium, there can be only an uninteresting homogeneous system with no net transport of radiation at all. Radiation is a significant mode of energy transfer in all gases at sufficiently high temperatures, and in many situations at low temperatures as well. Since radiative energy transfer is controlled by the absorption coefficient which is, in turn determined by the microscopic atomic and molecular, and the statistical/thermodynamic properties of the medium, much of these volumes are concerned with these underlying properties. In particular, after a brief introduction to the theory of radiative transfer limited to conditions of local thermodynamic equilibrium, the present volume is mainly concerned with the detailed application of the basic quantum theory of radiation to real atomic and molecular systems. The transfer problem only reappears occasionally to guide this application into the practical channels which constitute the raison d'etre of the book.Although radiation transport is now of wide interdisciplinary application, most of its basic developments were made in an astrophysical milieu. Some of its contemporary applications are in stellar, solar and planetary atmospheres and aeronomy, in meteor, missile and rocket re-entry phenomena, in F combustion physics and chemistry, and in plasma and weapons physics.Towards very high temperatures there are fewer contributing effects and therefore the situation is conceptually somewhat simpler. Fig. 1.1 illustrates some significant subdivisions and interrelations towards the high-temperature limit of our considerations. As one progresses downwards in temperature, the effects and interactions proliferate and become, at our present state of knowledge, more fragmented and diverse, so that we will not attempt an illustration in this case,A large fraction of the work dating from World War II on specific problems in the above fields of application has been motivated by defense needs and financed by government contracts. As a result, much of the literature on the subject is comprised of unpublished and therefore unrefereed contract reports which are not universally available to the scientific community. Much of the work described in this "grey" literature (Goody, 1964) is important, but some obscurities and errors in an already complex field have propagated through these reports. Other problems due to the particular history of this field have also occurred. For example, a perusal of the reports...

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Rayleigh scattering in the upper atmosphere

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Measurement of nitric oxide abundance in equatorial upper atmosphere.

Measurement of nitric oxide abundance in equatorial upper atmosphere.

Upper altitude limit for Rayleigh lidar

Thermal Radiation Phenomena. Volume Ii. The Equilibrium Radiative Properties of Air - Theory

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