Rayleigh scattering in rare-gas liquids

Seidel, G. M.; Lanou, R.E.; Yao, Weijun

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(02)00890-2

Cited by 77 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The results of calculations of scattering coefficients are given in Table I. We found that our results for scattering lengths and dielectric constants, ǫ He = 1.086 ± 0.006 and ǫ N e = 1.5 ± 0.2, are in agreement with those obtained by Seidel et al [5] using extrapolation of experimental refraction indices: ǫ He = 1.077, ǫ N e = 1.52, R He = 600 cm , and R N e = 60 cm. Our calculations has been done to check the previous results and to evaluate the uncertainty.…”

Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Calculations of liquid helium and neon VUV emission spectra, self-absorption and scattering for a neutrino detector

Savukov

2005

Chemical Physics Letters

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To evaluate the feasibility of the recently proposed detection scheme of low energy neutrinos released from the Sun and supernovae called CLEAN, Cryogenic Low Energy Astrophysics with Noble Gases, which relies on the transparency of noble-gas cryogenic liquids to VUV radiation produced by neutrinos, we analyze theoretically VUV emission, self-absorption, and scattering of liquid helium and neon, primary candidates for CLEAN. Owing to strong repulsion of noble-gas atoms in the ground states at the equilibrium distance of the relevant excited state, the emission spectrum is substantially shifted from the absorption spectrum, and in principle the absorption is expected very small, allowing building large detectors. Our analysis, however, shows that the self-absorption and Rayleigh scattering are comparable to the size of the proposed detector.Our theoretical emission spectra are found in agreement with experimental observations although some deviation exists due to binary-interaction approximation, and our ab initio Rayleigh scattering lengths are found in agreement with other calculations based on the extrapolation of experimental refraction indices. The absorption process can result in either re-emission, which conserves the number of photons but delays their escape from the liquid, or in non-radiative quenching. Recently, McKinsey and Doyle [1] has proposed the detection of low energy neutrinos released from the Sun and supernovae with the scheme called CLEAN, Cryogenic Low Energy Astrophysics with Noble Gases. The central element of a CLEAN detector is a 6-meter diameter Dewar filled with liquid neon which is functioning both as a passive shielding medium and an active selfshielding detector. The advantage of liquid neon is high scintillation yield and low radiactive background. Other noble-gas liquids can be used as well, of particular interest is liquid helium. The self-absorption and scattering of UV light produced by these liquids are critical for determination of the size of the detector, the interpretation of neutrino events, and exclusion of background events. The emission of liquid helium and neon in UV has already been studied [2,3,4] and scattering lengths of noble-gas liquids at scintillation wavelengths has been estimated from extrapolations of refraction indices [5]; the self-absorption is yet to be measured. Because there are many factors such as spectral reshaping and the effects of impurities (for example, 0.2% of N 2 impurities in liquid helium reduces the emission intensity by 20-40% in the region 700-850Å [2]) that influence the interpretation of the experimental results, the theoretical calculations of emission, self-absorption, and scattering, which constitute the subject of this letter, are important. Spectral properties of noble-gas liquids are not well understood mostly due to interdisciplinary nature (atomic, molecular, condensed-matter physics) of the phenomenon as well as the scarcity of the data, so this paper also has the aim of attracting the attention of theorists of diverse exper...

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Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…[5]. The compressibility κ T of He and Ne are 208×10 −10 and 4.95×10 −10 cm 2 /dyne; ρ is the density.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 98%

Calculations of liquid helium and neon VUV emission spectra, self-absorption and scattering for a neutrino detector

Savukov

2005

Chemical Physics Letters

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“…Table I shows the optical model parameters used in LUXSIM optimized for replication of the experimental data. The indices of refraction of xenon and quartz were based on previous data [49,50], while the Rayleigh scattering length came from a theoretical calculation [51]. Of these, the parameters with the most impact were found to be the reflectivity of the PTFE walls in the liquid and the photon absorption length in the liquid.…”

Section: B Optical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration, event reconstruction, data analysis, and limit calculation for the LUX dark matter experiment

Akerib¹,

Alsum²,

Araújo³

et al. 2018

Phys. Rev. D

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The LUX experiment has performed searches for dark-matter particles scattering elastically on xenon nuclei, leading to stringent upper limits on the nuclear scattering cross sections for dark matter. Here, for results derived from 1.4 × 10 4 kg days of target exposure in 2013, details of the calibration, event-reconstruction, modeling, and statistical tests that underlie the results are presented. Detector performance is characterized, including measured efficiencies, stability of response, position resolution, and discrimination between electron-and nuclear-recoil populations. Models are developed for the drift field, optical properties, background populations, the electron-and nuclear-recoil responses, and the absolute rate of low-energy background events. Innovations in the analysis include in situ measurement of the photomultipliers' response to xenon scintillation photons, verification of fiducial mass with a low-energy internal calibration source, and new empirical models for low-energy signal yield based on large-sample, in situ calibrations.

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“…Both absorption due to optical transitions starting from the van der Waals minimum of the lower potential curve in the region of the so-called first excimer continuum and scattering due to increasing fluctuations of the index of refraction when approaching the resonance lines from longer wavelengths have been identified in that reference as the reason for light attenuation extending far out into the red wings of the resonance lines. Rayleigh scattering in rare gas liquids has also more recently been discussed in [16] resulting in a scattering length of 90 cm. Here we assume that the processes discussed in these publications are also relevant for the attenuation in liquid argon for wavelengths close to the resonance lines of argon at 104.82 nm 106.67 nm [17], and longer wavelengths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation of vacuum ultraviolet light in liquid argon

et al. 2012

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The transmission of liquid argon has been measured, wavelength resolved, for a wavelength interval from 118 to 250 nm. The wavelength dependent attenuation length is presented for pure argon. It is shown that no universal wavelength independent attenuation length can be assigned to liquid argon for its own fluorescence light due to the interplay between the wavelength dependent emission and absorption. A decreasing transmission is observed below 130 nm in both chemically cleaned and distilled liquid argon and assigned to absorption by the analogue of the first argon excimer continuum. For not perfectly cleaned argon a strong influence of impurities on the transmission is observed. Two strong absorption bands at 126.5 and 141.0 nm with approximately 2 and 4 nm width, respectively, are assigned to traces of xenon in argon. A broad absorption region below 180 nm is found for unpurified argon and tentatively attributed to the presence of water in the argon sample.

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Rayleigh scattering in rare-gas liquids

Cited by 77 publications

References 34 publications

Calculations of liquid helium and neon VUV emission spectra, self-absorption and scattering for a neutrino detector

Calculations of liquid helium and neon VUV emission spectra, self-absorption and scattering for a neutrino detector

Calibration, event reconstruction, data analysis, and limit calculation for the LUX dark matter experiment

Attenuation of vacuum ultraviolet light in liquid argon

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