Ray tracing for intraocular lens calculation

Preußner, Paul-Rolf; Wahl, Joachim; Lahdo, Hedro; Dick, Burkhard; Findl, Oliver

doi:10.1016/s0886-3350(01)01346-3

Cited by 117 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Moreover, accuracy of biometry measurements, errors in the IOL data given by the manufacturer as well as postoperative anterior chamber depth prediction remain a problem. [11][12][13]26 Our evaluation of the OKULIX software showed good results. In 70% of the eyes, the difference between attempted vs achieved spherical equivalent was within 71.0 D with a mean absolute error of 0.7470.46 D. However, six of 10 eyes (60%) showed a hyperopic outcome, which needs to be taken into account when choosing an IOL power.…”

Section: -13mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the last 15 years, different methods were presented to solve this problem, which either depend on prerefractive data or do not need these values. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Recently, a new software using numerical ray tracing is available called OKULIX (Ingenieurbü ro der Leu, Hillerse, Germany). The program was developed at the University of Mainz, Germany, and has been explained in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The program was developed at the University of Mainz, Germany, and has been explained in detail. [11][12][13] It is able to determine the monochromatic optical capacities of the pseudophakic, human eye. Single light rays limited only by pupillary size are evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shape of the surfaces is mainly described by their central curvature radii. 11 Additionally, IOL data, for example radius, thickness, and refractive index, as well as corneal topography measurements are included in the IOL calculation. Finally, the retinal image quality of blurred Landolt rings can be displayed.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Intraocular lens power calculation using ray tracing following excimer laser surgery

Rabsilber

Reuland

Holzer

et al. 2006

Eye

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Purpose To evaluate intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation using ray tracing in patients presenting with cataract after excimer laser surgery. Methods Ten eyes of seven consecutive patients who presented for cataract surgery following excimer laser treatment without any pre-refractive biometry data were enrolled in this prospective clinical study. Preoperatively, IOL power calculation was performed using a ray tracing software called OKULIX. Keratometry data (C-Scan) were imported and axial length (IOLMaster) was entered manually. Accuracy of IOL power calculation was investigated by subtracting attempted and achieved spherical equivalent. Conclusions IOL power calculation after excimer laser surgery can be difficult, especially when pre-refractive keratometry values are not available. In these cases, ray tracing combined with corneal topography measurements provides reliable and satisfactory postoperative results. However, it is advisable to be careful when calculating IOL power for eyes with corneal radii exceeding 10 mm because of slightly higher prediction errors.

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Section: -13mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intraocular lens power calculation using ray tracing following excimer laser surgery

Rabsilber

Reuland

Holzer

et al. 2006

Eye

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“…31 There is also some literature regarding the actual calculation-beyond a simple analysis-of optical components, such as IOLs, employing RRT. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] There are other published studies that are not directly IOL-or refractive-surgery-related; for instance, some studies used RRT for the analysis of schematic eyes. [41][42][43] Fink et al simulated human optics with real ray-tracing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Individual Virtual Eye: a Computer Model for Advanced Intraocular Lens Calculation

Einighammer

Oltrup

Bende

et al. 2009

Journal of Optometry

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PURPOSE:To describe the individual virtual eye, a computer model of a human eye with respect to its optical properties. It is based on measurements of an individual person and one of its major application is calculating intraocular lenses (IOLs) for cataract surgery. METHODS: The model is constructed from an eye's geometry, including axial length and topographic measurements of the anterior corneal surface. All optical components of a pseudophakic eye are modeled with computer scientific methods. A spline-based interpolation method efficiently includes data from corneal topographic measurements. The geometrical optical properties, such as the wavefront aberration, are simulated with real ray-tracing using Snell's law. Optical components can be calculated using computer scientific optimization procedures. The geometry of customized aspheric IOLs was calculated for 32 eyes and the resulting wavefront aberration was investigated. RESULTS: The more complex the calculated IOL is, the lower the residual wavefront error is. Spherical IOLs are only able to correct for the defocus, while toric IOLs also eliminate astigmatism. Spherical aberration is additionally reduced by aspheric and toric aspheric IOLs. The efficient implementation of time-critical numerical ray-tracing and optimization procedures allows for short calculation times, which may lead to a practicable method integrated in some device. CONCLUSIONS: The individual virtual eye allows for simulations and calculations regarding geometrical optics for individual persons. This leads to clinical applications like IOL calculation, with the potential to overcome the limitations of those current calculation methods that are based on paraxial optics, exemplary shown by calculating customized aspheric IOLs. (J Optom 2009;2:70-82 ©2009 Spanish Council of Optometry) KEY WORDS: real ray-tracing; Snell's law; corneal topography; wavefront aberration; intraocular lens calculation. RESUMEN OBJETIVO:Describir el ojo virtual individualizado, que es un modelo computacional de ojo humano con respecto a sus propiedades ópticas. Está basado en las medidas realizadas en cada persona, de manera individual. Una de sus principales aplicaciones es el cálculo de lentes intraoculares (LIO) para cirugía de cataratas. MÉTODOS:El modelo está construido a partir de datos de geometría ocular; en particular, la longitud axial y las medidas topográficas de la cara anterior de la córnea. Todos los componentes ópticos de un ojo pseudofáquico se modelan por medio de métodos computacionales científicos. El método de interpolación por splines permite incluir de manera eficiente los datos obtenidos en las medidas de topografía corneal. Las propiedades relacionadas con la óptica geométrica, como el patrón de aberración del frente de onda, se obtienen a partir de la simulación de un trazado de rayos reales, el cual emplea la ley de Snell. Los componentes ópticos se pueden calcular empleando procedimientos computacionales de optimización. Para 32 ojos distintos, se calculó la geometría de la c...

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Optics of Intraocular Lenses

Wong

2022

Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology

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Ray tracing for intraocular lens calculation

Abstract: Calculations in Gaussian optics should be replaced by state-of-the-art numerical methods, which can be run on any standard personal computer.

Cited by 117 publications

References 17 publications

Intraocular lens power calculation using ray tracing following excimer laser surgery

Intraocular lens power calculation using ray tracing following excimer laser surgery

The Individual Virtual Eye: a Computer Model for Advanced Intraocular Lens Calculation

Optics of Intraocular Lenses

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