Ray and caustic structure of Ince-Gauss beams

Abstract

The Ince-Gauss beams, separable in elliptic coordinates, are studied through a ray-optical approach. Their ray structure can be represented over a ray-Poincaré sphere by generalized Viviani curves (intersections of a cylinder and a sphere). This representation shows two topologically different regimes, in which the curve is composed of one or two loops. The overall beam shape is described by the ray caustics that delimit the beams’ bright regions. These caustics are inferred from the generalized Viviani curve through a geometric procedure that reveals connections with other physical systems and geometrical constructions. Depending on the regime, the caustics are composed either of two confocal ellipses or of segments of an ellipse and a hyperbola that are confocal. The weighting of the rays is shown to follow the two-mode meanfield Gross-Pitaevskii equations, which can be mapped to the equation of a simple pendulum. Finally, it is shown that the wave field can be accurately estimated from the ray description.

Three-Airy Beams, Their Propagation in the Fresnel Zone, the Autofocusing Plane Location, as Well as Generalizing Beams

“…A good introduction to this field (catastrophe optics) is the paper [31] (see also [32] and the references therein). Recently, caustical investigation has been applied to aberration laser beams [33], vortex beams [34], and Ince-Gaussian beams [35].…”