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What Is It Like to Be a Player? The Qualia Revolution in Game Studies

“…The first subdomain has its roots in early authors such as Huizinga (1933), Caillois (1958), Fink (1960), Gadamer (1975), and Carse (1986), who explored the relation between games, instincts, language, and culture. The second subdomain has been deepened by recent authors such as Aarseth (2014) who insists on the relevance of ontology for the study of games; Bogost (2012) who uses a particular object-oriented ontology for the analysis of the phenomenological patterns of the ludic experience; Günzel (2012) who has analyzed the structure of gaming space; and Asheim (2009), Tavinor (2009), and Stenros (2015) who have analyzed game definitions. The third subdomain has been emphasized instead by authors such as Calleja (2011), Consalvo (2011), and Martin (2012), who have analyzed the relation between player and avatar; Björk (2012), who has analyzed the role of the player, and Gregersen (2014), who has analyzed the role of freedom.…”