Rattle-Structured Multifunctional Nanotheranostics for Synergetic Chemo-/Radiotherapy and Simultaneous Magnetic/Luminescent Dual-Mode Imaging

Abstract

Most hypoxic tumors are insensitive to radiation, which is a major obstacle in the development of conventional radiotherapy for tumor treatment. Some drugs, such as cisplatin (CDDP), have been extensively used both as an anticancer drug and clinically as a radiosensitizer to enhance radiotherapy. Herein, we develop rattle-structured multifunctional up-conversion core/porous silica shell nanotheranostics (UCSNs) for delivering CDDP to tumors for synergetic chemo-/radiotherapy by CDDP radiosensitization and magnetic/luminescent dual-mode imaging. UCSNs had a dynamic light scattering diameter of 79.1 nm and excellent water dispersity and stability. In vitro studies showed that CDDP loaded in UCSNs (UCSNs-CDDP) was more effective than free CDDP as a radiosensitizer. After injection, UCSNs-CDDP also demonstrated unambiguously enhanced radiotherapy efficacy in vivo. Our report aims at presenting a novel strategy in biomedical nanotechnology that allows simultaneous dual-mode imaging and localized therapy via synergetic chemo-/radiotherapy, which may achieve optimized therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment.

Hyaluronic acid-functionalized bismuth oxide nanoparticles for computed tomography imaging-guided radiotherapy of tumor

“…Then, these ascites were injected subcutaneously at an SSD of 100 cm. When the tumor sizes reached ~100 mm 3 , subcutaneous tumors models were established and applied to the following experiments. To establish in situ tumor model, the tumor-bearing mice were sacrificed, and subcutaneously, tumors were dissected out.…”

“…Tumor growth and mouse weight were measured in the following days. The tumor sizes were measured by a caliper and calculated as follows: V = ab 2 /2, where V (mm 3 ) is the volume of the tumor, and a (mm) and b (mm) are the tumor length and tumor width, respectively. Relative tumor volumes were normalized to their initial sizes.…”

“…To specifically examine whether the therapeutic effects of HA-Bi 2 O 3 NPs can enable overcoming the inherent radioresistance of cancer cells in vivo, ICR mice bearing 100-mm 3 subcutaneous Herps flank tumors were divided into four groups (n=6 per group). Notably, contrast enhancement was visible within the tumors of mice that received HA-Bi 2 O 3 NPs, which enabled CT-guided stereoscopic radiation ( Figure S9).…”

“…This technique employs high-energy X-rays and involves deposition of irradiation doses in tumor sites by causing free radical damage or DNA damage. [1][2][3][4] However, poor radiosensitivity or inherent radioresistance of tumors leads to utilization of higher irradiation doses for effective elimination of cancer cells; this radioresistance is caused by various mechanisms (eg, hypoxic, S-phase) which may finally limit the clinical implementation of radiotherapy. Besides, inaccuracy of tumor localization and poor discrimination between lesion and tumor-surrounding tissues lead to inadequate dose coverage to the lesion tissues and overexposure to normal tissues, 5 which results in the occurrence of irradiation side effects and failure of tumor control as well as cancer recurrence.…”

Recent advances in the optimization and functionalization of upconversion nanomaterials for in vivo bioapplications

“…81 The cavity of the yolk-shell silica layer is much larger than the common mesoporous silica layer and allows the opportunity to load more drugs into the nanocomposites.…”