Rats and mice share common ethologically relevant parameters of exploratory behavior

Drai, Dan; Kafkafi, Neri; Benjamini, Yoav; Elmer, Gregory I.; Golani, Ilan

doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(01)00290-x

Cited by 111 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The number of stops per trip did not change with the increase in arena size, in the various testing orders, or in the interaction between arena size and order. This constancy is in agreement with previous studies, where the number of stops per trip was shown to be relatively constant ( [5][6][7][8]10], and present results), representing an invariant intrinsic feature of exploratory locomotor behavior. Indeed, comparing the relative part of each arena in the total sum of the number of stops per trip revealed that this underwent minimal changes (Fig.…”

Section: Temporal Structuresupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The temporal (sequential) structure of locomotor behavior in voles reveals the same spatio-temporal organization that was described in wild and laboratory rats [9,11], and then suggested as applicable to various other species [5,6] including voles [7]. This similarity also accords with previous findings that open-field behavior in wild rodent species generally parallels that of laboratory and other domesticated rodent species [36].…”

Section: Temporal Structuresupporting

confidence: 79%

“…activity and of the sequential (spatio-temporal) structure of behavior [6,35]. Disorder in the spatio-temporal organization of behavior is a feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia in humans, or cage stereotypies in animals [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While normal rats take the stops in different places and in varying sequential order, under amphetamine the locomotor behavior becomes progressively less flexible as follows: first, the number of stops in a trip decreases from 8-10 to 1-4; second, the rats tend to stop in the same few stopping places; and third, the sequential order of stops becomes more rigid, comprising 3-4 packages at low doses (0.5 mg/kg), and 1-2 packages at high doses (5 mg/kg) of amphetamine [10]. The conclusion of these studies is that the home-base, the stops and the trips are intrinsic features of locomotor behavior in the open field that highlight the structure of behavior and the changes it undergoes in genetic or psychophysiological preparations [5,6,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Open-field behavior withstands drastic changes in arena size

Eilam

2003

Behavioural Brain Research

129

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Individual voles were tested on successive days under increasing, decreasing, or randomly changing arena size. Locomotor behavior was adjusted to arena size by (i) preserving the same level of activity, (ii) taking longer but less frequent trips in smaller arenas in contrast to taking more frequent yet shorter trips in the larger arenas, and (iii) moving in the entire space available for exploration in the smaller arenas in contrast to remaining along the walls of the open field in the larger arenas. The effect of testing order was minimal, probably being related to increased novelty under increasing arena size, as opposed to habituation under decreasing arena size, when parts of the same area were re-explored. These behavioral changes averaged up to a two-fold difference compared with the larger six-fold change in the perimeter and 44-fold change in the area of the open field. The modest change in open-field behavior indicates that it has a solid spatio-temporal structure that withstands extensive environmental changes. This behavioral stability and consistency further validates studies of pharmacological, neurological, and genetic preparations that use behavior in a small open field as representation of the general pattern of behavior.

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Section: Temporal Structuresupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Temporal Structuresupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Open-field behavior withstands drastic changes in arena size

Eilam

2003

Behavioural Brain Research

129

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“…In a separate paper in this issue, Drai et al [8] propose to study the open field behavior of mice using the approach developed in the study of rats. They describe an effort to augment the commonly used measures of the open field test with a set of new ethologically relevant parameters.…”

Section: Two Motivating Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling the false discovery rate in behavior genetics research

Benjamini

Drai

Elmer

et al. 2001

Behavioural Brain Research

Self Cite

3,526

2,629

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A Reverse-Translational Study of Dysfunctional Exploration in Psychiatric Disorders

Perry¹,

Minassian²,

Paulus³

et al. 2009

Arch Gen Psychiatry

176

280

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Context Bipolar mania and schizophrenia are recognized as separate disorders but share many commonalities, raising the question of whether they are in fact the same disorder on different ends of a continuum. The lack of distinct endophenotypes of bipolar mania and schizophrenia has complicated the development of animal models that are specific to these disorders. Exploration is fundamental to survival and is dysregulated in these two disorders. Although exploratory behavior in rodents has been widely studied, surprisingly little work has examined this critical function in humans. Objective We used a novel human open field paradigm, the human Behavioral Pattern Monitor (BPM), to quantify exploratory behavior of individuals with bipolar mania and schizophrenia and to identify distinctive phenotypes of these illnesses. Design Static group comparison. Setting Psychiatric hospital. Participants 15 bipolar mania and 16 schizophrenia subjects were compared to 26 healthy volunteers in the human BPM. The effects of amphetamine, the selective dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitor GBR12909, and genetic knockdown of the DAT were compared to controls in the mouse BPM. Measures The amount of motor activity, spatial patterns of activity, and exploration of novel stimuli were quantified in both the human and mouse BPMs. Results Bipolar manic subjects demonstrated a unique exploratory pattern, characterized by high motor activity and increased object exploration. Schizophrenia subjects did not show the expected habituation of motor activity. Selective genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the DAT matched the mania phenotype better than the “gold standard” model of mania (amphetamine). Conclusion These findings validate the human open field paradigm and identify defining characteristics of bipolar mania that are distinct from schizophrenia. This cross-species study of exploration calls into question an accepted animal model of mania and should help to develop more accurate human and animal models, which are essential to identify neurobiological underpinnings of neuropsychiatric disorders.

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Rats and mice share common ethologically relevant parameters of exploratory behavior

Cited by 111 publications

References 14 publications

Open-field behavior withstands drastic changes in arena size

Open-field behavior withstands drastic changes in arena size

Controlling the false discovery rate in behavior genetics research

A Reverse-Translational Study of Dysfunctional Exploration in Psychiatric Disorders

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