Rationalization of Microstructure Heterogeneity in INCONEL 718 Builds Made by the Direct Laser Additive Manufacturing Process

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Inconel 625 with 0.4 wt% boron modification fabricated by gas tungsten arc deposition

“…Tensile tests were conducted along the longitudinal direction of the heat treated samples in order to avoid heterogeneity problem along the building direction [19].…”

“…The layerby-layer process during deposition results in the local re-melting of substrate or previously deposited layers [18], this repeated building process also induces multiple thermal cycles that could lead to graded microstructure and mechanical properties along the deposition [19]. Therefore, the heat treatments are usually utilized to homogenize the microstructure after deposition.…”

Additive manufacturing of materials: Opportunities and challenges

“…Furthermore, the diffraction data need to be complemented with detailed microstructural and hardness characterizations in the x -y , y -z , and x -z cross sections. 26 Such combined characterizations will likely be the preferred method as detectors and software advance in the future. Comprehensive characterization will be crucial for verifi cation and validation of computational models for AM processes, as well as qualifi cation of mission-critical components.…”

Metallic materials for 3D printing

“…One example of such data from a nickel-based superalloy (IN718) build made by a DED process 102 is presented in Figure 4 . 103 Due to the spatial motion of the energy source with reference to the build direction ( x -, y -, and z -directions), it is often necessary to characterize the build in different sections (i.e., longitudinal, transverse, and horizontal [see Figure 4b ]).…”