Rationality of appeals used in the promotion of psychotropic drugs. A comparison of male and female models

Smith, Mickey C.; Griffin, Lisa M.

doi:10.1016/0037-7856(77)90104-4

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Twenty-six studies [3], [13], [23], [25], [33], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60], [61], [62], [63] were excluded after full review. The reasons for exclusion are detailed in the study flow diagram in Figure 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fifty articles were identified and 24 were included in the systematic review ( Table 1 ) [10] , [11] , [14] , [15] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [24] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [34] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] . Twenty-six studies [3] , [13] , [23] , [25] , [33] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] were excluded after full review. The reasons for exclusion are detailed in the study flow diagram in Figure 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality of Pharmaceutical Advertisements in Medical Journals: A Systematic Review

2009

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BackgroundJournal advertising is one of the main sources of medicines information to doctors. Despite the availability of regulations and controls of drug promotion worldwide, information on medicines provided in journal advertising has been criticized in several studies for being of poor quality. However, no attempt has been made to systematically summarise this body of research. We designed this systematic review to assess all studies that have examined the quality of pharmaceutical advertisements for prescription products in medical and pharmacy journals.Methods and FindingsStudies were identified via searching electronic databases, web library, search engine and reviewing citations (1950 – February 2006). Only articles published in English and examined the quality of information included in pharmaceutical advertisements for prescription products in medical or pharmacy journals were included. For each eligible article, a researcher independently extracted the data on the study methodology and outcomes. The data were then reviewed by a second researcher. Any disagreements were resolved by consensus. The data were analysed descriptively. The final analysis included 24 articles. The studies reviewed advertisements from 26 countries. The number of journals surveyed in each study ranged from four to 24 journals. Several outcome measures were examined including references and claims provided in advertisements, availability of product information, adherence to codes or guidelines and presentation of risk results. The majority of studies employed a convenience-sampling method. Brand name, generic name and indications were usually provided. Journal articles were commonly cited to support pharmaceutical claims. Less than 67% of the claims were supported by a systematic review, a meta-analysis or a randomised control trial. Studies that assessed misleading claims had at least one advertisement with a misleading claim. Two studies found that less than 28% of claims were unambiguous clinical claims. Most advertisements with quantitative information provided risk results as relative risk reduction. Studies were conducted in 26 countries only and then the generalizability of the results is limited.ConclusionsEvidence from this review indicates that low quality of journal advertising is a global issue. As information provided in journal advertising has the potential to change doctors' prescribing behaviour, ongoing efforts to increase education about drug promotion are crucial. The results from our review suggest the need for a global pro-active and effective regulatory system to ensure that information provided in medical journal advertising is supporting the quality use of medicines.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of Pharmaceutical Advertisements in Medical Journals: A Systematic Review

2009

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“…The irrational appeal of advertisements is reflected in the medical prescription, leading to a bias between mental disorders and gender. 29 Besides female figures, the use of metaphors is not rare, i.e., symbols which perform a direct association with the product: owls, rainbows, dolls, animated pills, butterflies, etc. Lion,30 when presenting advertisements of medications to physicians without giving their names, observed that those which contained metaphors were more recognized than the others.…”

Section: Irregularitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the legislation on the advertisement of psychoactive medications in Brazil

Mastroianni

Galduróz

Carlini

2003

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Keywords Resumo DescritoresObjetive: The regulations on the advertisement of medications aim to encourage and promote an improved health care and the rational use of medications. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the influence of three regulations on the advertisement of medications: the "Export act", published in the United States in 1986; the "WHO's Criteria", published in 1988, and the Resolution 102/2000 of the Collegiate Board of Directors of the ANVISA (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária-Brazilian Sanitary Surveillance Agency), on the advertisement of psychoactive medications. Method: We collected advertisements that were published in Brazilian psychiatric journals before and after the regulations were established. The contents of the advertisements were analyzed according to a program created based on the regulation's demands. Results: In the 118 analyzed issues there were 199 different advertisements on 85 psychotropic drugs. We observed that, regardless the studied medication, the information about restrictions of use, such as adverse drug reactions, interactions, contraindications, warnings and precautions, does not appear very often, and when it does, its print sizes were smaller than that of the information favoring the use, such as indication, presentation and dosage. After the publication of the regulations, only 38.2% of the advertisements had all the essential technical information, and 35.3% were irregular in some way. Conclusion: The data suggest that there was very little influence of the regulations on the advertisement of psychotropic drugs in Brazil. Consequently, other control measures are necessary in addition to the regulations.Advertising. Legislation about drug. Legislation on medication. Psychotropic drugs.Objetivo: Os regulamentos sobre propaganda de medicamentos visam apoiar e fomentar a melhoria da atenção à saúde e o uso racional de medicamentos. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a influência de três regulamentos sobre propaganda de medicamentos: "Export act", publicado em 1986 nos Estados Unidos; os "Critérios da OMS", em 1988 e a Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada n° 102 de 2000 da ANVISA (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária), sobre os anúncios de medicamentos psicoativos. Método: Foram coletados anúncios em periódicos de psiquiatria nacionais, publicados antes e após cada regulamento. O conteúdo dos anúncios foi analisado de acordo com um roteiro de análise de conteúdo elaborado segundo as exigências dos regulamentos. Resultados: Dos 118 fascículos analisados, foram obtidos 199 anúncios diferentes de 85 medicamentos psicoativos. Observou-se que, independentemente do regulamento estudado, as informações que restringem o uso, como reações adversas ao medicamento (RAM), interações, contra-indicações, advertências e precauções estão presentes em menor freqüência e num tamanho de letra menor do que as informações que favorecem o uso, como indicação, apresentação e posologia. Depois de todos os atos publicados apenas 38,2% dos anúncios continham todas as ...

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“…This equating of problems in daily living with mental (or medical) illness fueled the legitimacy of psychotropic medicine (Kleinman and Cohen 870) that promised to heal the pain of the world, or “Weltschmertz” (Neill 336). The culture was being primed to accept the notion that there was a “pill for every ill.” Pill, person, patient, and illness would indistinguishably merge, as depicted in an early 1960s ad for SmithKline‐Beecham's Thorazine in which the pill, rather than a person, rested comfortably on the psychoanalyst's leather couch. There wasn't even a psychiatrist in the traditional chair behind it.…”

Section: Historical Foundationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Merchandising Madness: Pills, Promises, and Better Living Through Chemistry

Rubin

2004

The J of Popular Culture

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Rationality of appeals used in the promotion of psychotropic drugs. A comparison of male and female models

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Quality of Pharmaceutical Advertisements in Medical Journals: A Systematic Review

Quality of Pharmaceutical Advertisements in Medical Journals: A Systematic Review

Influence of the legislation on the advertisement of psychoactive medications in Brazil

Merchandising Madness: Pills, Promises, and Better Living Through Chemistry

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