Rationale for pertussis booster vaccination throughout life in Europe

Zepp, Fred; Heininger, Ulrich; Mertsola, Jussi; Bernatowska, Ewa; Guiso, Nicole; Roord, John J.; Tozzi, Alberto Eugenio; Damme, Pierre Van

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(11)70007-x

Cited by 230 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…12 Although no outbreaks have been reported since, data from the NICD indicated an increasing number of laboratory-confirmed pertussis cases in South Africa between 2008 and 2011, in line with international trends. 15,16 Similar trends worldwide and statistics from the USA indicate an ever-increasing number of pertussis cases and outbreaks, especially in the age group 10-19 years. 19 The aim of this study was to screen for seropositivity against pertussis infection by measuring the IgG antibodies against B. pertussis in an adolescent population in communities of the Western Cape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…No clear serological correlates of protection for pertussis have yet been defined, and the only way of assessing immunity is to screen for seropositivity. 16 Although an adolescent or adult vaccine is available on request in the private sector in South Africa, only a very small proportion of the South African population benefits from this. The last routine booster dose is given in South Africa at 18 months of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite fairly high vaccine coverage at the time, the last pertussis outbreak was reported in South Africa in 1988 and 1989, 12 but increasing numbers of pertussis cases were confirmed by laboratory diagnosis between 2008 and 2011. 15,16 Most of the locally reported cases were infants and small children, who were either incompletely vaccinated or not protected at all. Although the source of the infection was not recorded in these cases, the presence and effect of adolescents and adults with waning or no immunity against pertussis is likely to have played a role.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…South Africa has experienced a steadily increasing number of laboratory-confirmed pertussis cases in recent years, according to the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD). 15,16 Although acellular pertussis vaccines appear to induce longerlasting cellular, than humoural, immune responses, this could be a result of waning immunity. However, other more important factors should be considered, including improved diagnosis and reporting, as well as changes in the B. pertussis population which result in vaccine strain mismatches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The seroprevalence ofBordetella pertussisantibodies in adolescents in the Western Cape

Rensburg

Esser

Beer

2013

Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and Infection

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South Afr J Epidemiol InfectOriginal Research: The seroprevalence of Bordetella pertussis antibodies in adolescents in the Western Cape Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory disease that can occur in all age groups. Over the past 15 years, an increase in the incidence of reported cases has been observed globally. Local surveillance data have also shown an increase in the number of laboratory-confirmed cases. This raises concerns about waning immunity in adolescents and adults. The aim of this study was to screen for seropositivity against pertussis infection by measuring immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers of Bordetella pertussis in an adolescent population in the Western Cape, South Africa. Serum samples were collected from 182 adolescents aged 15-18 years from different racial groups. The SERION ELISA ® classic B. pertussis IgG assay was used to detect human antibodies in serum. Twenty-seven subjects (15%) were seronegative and 135 (74%) seropositive for IgG antibodies. Racial breakdown showed that 84% of the black, 74% of the coloured, and 69% of the white subjects were seropositive, while the largest percentage (24%) of sero-negative individuals was in the white population group. This study demonstrated a high percentage of individuals in the adolescent age group with sero-positive antibody levels. However, it is unknown if these antibody levels are functionally protective. A more rigourous surveillance system would assist in defining and understanding the epidemiology of pertussis in South Africa, and could provide evidence of the need for booster vaccinations in adolescence and adulthood.Peer reviewed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The seroprevalence ofBordetella pertussisantibodies in adolescents in the Western Cape

Rensburg

Esser

Beer

2013

Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and Infection

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“…Despite the discussion surrounding the efficacy and epidemiological effectiveness of pertussis vaccines, several countries experiencing increased pertussis incidence have supplemented their existing routine infant immunization schedule with additional booster doses (24). Importantly, the timing and number of recommended booster doses vary considerably among countries.…”

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confidence: 99%

Combating pertussis resurgence: One booster vaccination schedule does not fit all

Riolo

Rohani

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Pertussis has reemerged as a major public health concern in many countries where it was once considered well controlled. Although the mechanisms responsible for continued pertussis circulation and resurgence remain elusive and contentious, many countries have nevertheless recommended booster vaccinations, the timing and number of which vary widely. Here, using a stochastic, age-stratified transmission model, we searched for cost-effective booster vaccination strategies using a genetic algorithm. We did so assuming four hypothesized mechanisms underpinning contemporary pertussis epidemiology: (I) insufficient coverage, (II) frequent primary vaccine failure, (III) waning of vaccine-derived protection, and (IV) vaccine "leakiness." For scenarios I-IV, successful booster strategies were identified and varied considerably by mechanism. Especially notable is the inability of booster schedules to alleviate resurgence when vaccines are leaky. Critically, our findings argue that the ultimate effectiveness of vaccine booster schedules will likely depend on correctly pinpointing the causes of resurgence, with misdiagnosis of the problem epidemiologically ineffective and economically costly.R econciling the historical successes of routine infant pertussis vaccination programs in reducing incidence (1-3) with the recent resurgence in a number of highly vaccinated countries (4, 5) has proved challenging, especially in the context of the global heterogeneity in contemporary pertussis epidemiology (6). A variety of explanations for pertussis resurgence have been proposed, ranging from improvements in surveillance and diagnostics (7) to reduced protection afforded by vaccination, whether due to the waning of vaccine-derived immunity (8), the evolution of the etiological agent (the bacterium Bordetella pertussis) (9), the switch from whole-cell to acellular vaccines (10), or the invasion and spread of Bordetella congeners (11). It has also been demonstrated that even in the absence of changes in the nature of transmission, vaccine, or reporting, pertussis resurgence might be expected in some countries as an inevitable consequence of insufficient historical vaccination (12).Disentangling the many pathways to pertussis resurgence is particularly difficult because pertussis immunity and, in particular, vaccine-derived immunity are not well understood (13). With no known reliable serological marker of protection (14), the properties of infection-and vaccine-derived immunity against pertussis must be inferred indirectly (15). However, the models of pertussis immunity that best reconcile individual-level clinical data (16) and population-level incidence data (17), respectively, are strikingly different. Data from serological studies (16, 18) and animal models (19) paint a picture of a vaccine that protects against disease for a limited duration and may afford little protection against transmission. In contrast, large-scale pertussis incidence data from countries such as Denmark (20), England and Wales (21), Thailand (17), and Sweden (2...

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Pertussis or Whooping Cough

Locht

Mielcarek

2015

Human Emerging and Re‐emerging Infections

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Rationale for pertussis booster vaccination throughout life in Europe

Cited by 230 publications

References 85 publications

The seroprevalence ofBordetella pertussisantibodies in adolescents in the Western Cape

The seroprevalence ofBordetella pertussisantibodies in adolescents in the Western Cape

Combating pertussis resurgence: One booster vaccination schedule does not fit all

Pertussis or Whooping Cough

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