Rationale for Particle Size Effect on Rates of Enzymatic Saccharification of Microcrystalline Cellulose

Sangseethong, Kunruedee; Meunier-Goddik, Lisbeth; Tantasucharit, U.; Liaw, Ean-Tun; Penner, Michael H.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-4514.1998.tb00247.x

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Furthermore, the high level of added microbial phytase may allow a greater degradation of phytate in SBM regardless of particle size. Results of the current study support the statement of Silva et al (2012), Sangseethong et al (1998) and Mansfield et al (1999) that particle size reduction enhanced the contact between enzyme and substrate (speeding up the initial rates) and exposed the inaccessible zones in coarse particles (increasing the final hydrolysis yields). The surface area of maize increased by four times when the APS decreased from 2010 to 525 µm (Summers, 2001).…”

Section: Phytate P Degradationsupporting

confidence: 87%

Effect of particle size and microbial phytase on phytate degradation in incubated maize and soybean meal

Blaabjerg

Poulsen

2014

Animal

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The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of screen size (1, 2 and 3 mm) and microbial phytase (0 and 1000 FTU/kg as-fed) on phytate degradation in maize (100% maize), soybean meal (100% SBM) and maize-SBM (75% maize and 25% SBM) incubated in water for 0, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h at 38°C. Samples were analysed for pH, dry matter and phytate phosphorus (P). Particle size distribution (PSD) and average particle size (APS) of samples were measured by the Laser Diffraction and Bygholm method. PSD differed between the two methods, whereas APS was similar. Decreasing screen size from 3 to 1 mm reduced APS by 48% in maize, 30% in SBM and 26% in maize-SBM. No interaction between screen size and microbial phytase on phytate degradation was observed, but the interaction between microbial phytase and incubation time was significant ( P < 0.001). This was because microbial phytase reduced phytate P by 88% in maize, 84% in maize-SBM and 75% in SBM after 2 h of incubation ( P < 0.05), whereas the reduction of phytate P was limited (<50%) in the feeds, even after 24 h when no microbial phytase was added. The exponential decay model was fitted to the feeds with microbial phytase to analyse the effect of screen size and feed on microbial phytase efficacy on phytate degradation. The interaction between screen size and feed affected the relative phytate degradation rate ( R d ) of microbial phytase as well as the time to decrease 50% of the phytate P ( t1 = 2 ) ( P < 0.001). Thus, changing from 3 to 1 mm screen size increased R d by 22 and 10%/h and shortened t1 = 2 by 0.4 and 0.2 h in maize and maize-SBM, respectively ( P < 0.05), but not in SBM. Moreover, the screen size effect was more pronounced in maize and maize-SBM compared with SBM as a higher phytate degradation rate constant (K d ) and R d , and a shorter t1 = 2 was observed in maize compared with SBM in all screen sizes ( P < 0.05). However, a higher amount of degraded phytate was achieved in SBM than in maize because of the higher initial phytate P content in SBM. In conclusion, reducing screen size from 3 to 1 mm increased K d and R d and decreased t1 = 2 in maize and maize-SBM with microbial phytase. The positive effect of grinding on improving microbial phytase efficacy, which was expressed as K d , R d and t1 = 2 , was greater in maize than in SBM.

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Section: Phytate P Degradationsupporting

confidence: 87%

Effect of particle size and microbial phytase on phytate degradation in incubated maize and soybean meal

Blaabjerg

Poulsen

2014

Animal

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“…Numerous studies have shown improvement in enzymatic action attributable to mechanical comminution of substrate due to changes in particle size and crystallinity, and the increase in surface area [12][13][14][15]. However, limited information is available on the effect of mechanical grinding/comminution on composition of feedstock fractions that might favor enhanced enzymatic action for one fraction over others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Comparison of Feedstock Pretreatment Performance and Its Effect on Soluble Sugar Availability

2010

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Cellulosic feedstocks for bioenergy differ in composition and processing requirements for efficient conversion to chemicals and fuels. This study discusses and compares the processing requirements for three lignocellulosic feedstocks-soybean hulls, wheat straw, and de-starched wheat bran. They were ground with a hammer mill to investigate how differences in composition and particle size affect the hydrolysis process. Enzyme hydrolysis was conducted using cellulase from Trichoderma reesei at 50°C and pH 5. Ground fractions were also subjected to dilute sulfuric acid treatment at 125°C, 15 psi for 30 min prior to cellulase treatment. Reducing particle size of biomass resulted in segregated components of feedstock. Grinding wheat straw to particle size <132 μm resulted in measured lignin content from 20% to ≈5% and reduced hemicellulose content. Reducing lignin content increased the effectiveness of enzyme hydrolysis of wheat straw. Particles sized <132 μm exhibited the highest soluble sugar release upon hydrolysis for all three feedstocks studied. Hemicellulose digestion improved with dilute sulfuric acid treatment with residual hemicellulose content <5% in all three feedstocks after acid treatment. This enhanced the cellulase action and resulted in approximately 1.6-fold increase in sugar availability in de-starched wheat bran and ≈1.5-fold for wheat straw and soybean hulls. Higher sugar availability in wheat bran after acid-mediated enzyme treatment correlated to higher ethanol yields during yeast fermentation compared with soybean hulls and wheat straw.

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“…It is important to have reproducibility in the milling process to minimize variability in particle size distribution. Mass transfer limitations within the agglomerate particles that make up these substrates are responsible for variation in saccharification rates as a function of particle size (Sangseethong et al, 1998). Several models for cellulose and lignocellulose hydrolysis have been developed over the years that incorporate various parameters into the kinetic model.…”

Section: Particle Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐throughput microplate technique for enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass

Chundawat

Balan

Dale

2008

Biotech & Bioengineering

118

113

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Several factors will influence the viability of a biochemical platform for manufacturing lignocellulosic based fuels and chemicals, for example, genetically engineering energy crops, reducing pre-treatment severity, and minimizing enzyme loading. Past research on biomass conversion has focused largely on acid based pre-treatment technologies that fractionate lignin and hemicellulose from cellulose. However, for alkaline based (e.g., AFEX) and other lower severity pre-treatments it becomes critical to co-hydrolyze cellulose and hemicellulose using an optimized enzyme cocktail. Lignocellulosics are appropriate substrates to assess hydrolytic activity of enzyme mixtures compared to conventional unrealistic substrates (e.g., filter paper, chromogenic, and fluorigenic compounds) for studying synergistic hydrolysis. However, there are few, if any, high-throughput lignocellulosic digestibility analytical platforms for optimizing biomass conversion. The 96-well Biomass Conversion Research Lab (BCRL) microplate method is a high-throughput assay to study digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass as a function of biomass composition, pre-treatment severity, and enzyme composition. The most suitable method for delivering milled biomass to the microplate was through multi-pipetting slurry suspensions. A rapid bio-enzymatic, spectrophotometric assay was used to determine fermentable sugars. The entire procedure was automated using a robotic pipetting workstation. Several parameters that affect hydrolysis in the microplate were studied and optimized (i.e., particle size reduction, slurry solids concentration, glucan loading, mass transfer issues, and time period for hydrolysis). The microplate method was optimized for crystalline cellulose (Avicel) and ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) pre-treated corn stover.

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Rationale for Particle Size Effect on Rates of Enzymatic Saccharification of Microcrystalline Cellulose

Cited by 32 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of particle size and microbial phytase on phytate degradation in incubated maize and soybean meal

Effect of particle size and microbial phytase on phytate degradation in incubated maize and soybean meal

Comparison of Feedstock Pretreatment Performance and Its Effect on Soluble Sugar Availability

High‐throughput microplate technique for enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass

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