Rationale and indications for biological treatment of psychiatric disorders

Freyhan, Fritz A.

doi:10.1016/s0010-440x(65)80021-9

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Sub-threshold disorders were diagnosed when the following three criteria were fulfilled: (a) the main symptom of a certain disorder in the GMS-interview was present, (b) not all criteria were fulfilled for a diagnosis according to the DSM-IIIR, and (c) severity was judged to, at least possibly, justify treatment. Sub-threshold disorders were included in the analyses because psychotropic drug prescription is usually related to syndromes or symptoms rather than to defined groups of disorders (Freyhan, 1965). This way of assessment additionally guarantees a high sensitivity of measurement.…”

Section: Psychiatric and Physical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and appropriateness of psychotropic drug use in old age: results from the Berlin Aging Study (BASE)

Lindén

Bär

Helmchen

2004

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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Background: The aim of this epidemiological study is to examine the prevalence and correlates of psychotropic drug use in the very old and to evaluate the appropriateness of psychotropic drug use in very old age.Methods: Data from the Berlin Aging Study (BASE), a multidisciplinary study of an age- and gender-stratified, randomly selected sample of elderly people living in Berlin are presented. Over-sampling, especially very old men, allows for powerful analyses of this population. All participants went through extensive psychiatric and somatic examinations. Medication intake was assessed by different data sources (interviewing patients and their family physicians, drug inspection at home). Results were brought together in a consensus-conference and research physicians gave operationalized ratings of medication appropriateness.Results: The prevalence of elderly people who were taking at least one psychotropic medication within the 14 days immediately preceding investigation was 29.8%. Of these medications, 68.4% had been taken for longer than one year. There was no effect of age or gender on the scope of psychotropic drug use. Benzodiazepines were taken by 19.8% of the elderly. Antidepressants, neuroleptics and anti-dementia drugs were taken by about 3–4% each. People taking psychotropic drugs had significantly higher levels of psychiatric morbidity, as measured by syndromes and specified diagnoses. Psychotropic drugs were significantly less often judged to be indicated than somatic medications. This is mostly due to benzodiazepines.Conclusions: Psychotropic drug use is common in old age, but there is no additional increase in usage beyond the age of 70. Intake of psychotropics is mostly oriented at symptoms or syndromes, which explains why benzodiazepines are still the most commonly prescribed psychotropics

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Section: Psychiatric and Physical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and appropriateness of psychotropic drug use in old age: results from the Berlin Aging Study (BASE)

Lindén

Bär

Helmchen

2004

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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“…Die Auswirkungen der Psychopharmakotherapie haben nicht nur zur Aufhellung der funktionellen und organischen Elemente des Psychotischseins, sondern auch dazu beigetragen, daß sich die Psychiatrie zu einer stärker biologisch orientierten Disziplin mit Kooperationsbeziehungen zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten und Anwendung experimenteller Forschungsverfahren entwickelt hat. Schon das erste Suchen nach psychopharmakologischen "Zielsymptomen" (Freyhan 1957(Freyhan ,1966 ist nicht ein rein pragmatisches Anliegen, etwa ein vordergründiges Interesse an der "Auslöschung" von Sinnestäuschungen oder Wahnideen gewesen, wenn auch die Dinge inzwischen als komplizierter angesehen werden. Engelmeier (1962) hat nicht nur versucht, die Psychopharmaka nach ihren klinischen Wirkungen einzuordnen, sondern als Hauptangriffsort die "Elementarsphäre psychischer Zentralfunktionen" , nämlich die energetischen, initiativen und intentionalen Aktivitätsphänomene gesehen.…”

Section: Zur Bedeutung Therapeutischer Erfahrungenunclassified

Zum Modell ,,Universalgenese der Psychosen"

Rennert¹

1982

Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr

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The article describes a temporarily closed model of a uniform interpretation of all endogenous psychosyndromes (universal genesis of psychoses) which, however, is capable of extension and modification. This concept, which was developed in 1964, does not postulate a "unitary psychosis" in the narrow sense of the term. It is based mainly on results obtained in traditional psychiatry and combines individual aspects and opinions which are used by other psychiatrists also who share these opinions although mostly they do not employ them as general principles. To substantiate the author's own position, several old and new problems of the doctrine of psychoses are illuminated from a uniform point of view. In this synopsis biologically relevant aspects are emphasized, especially those of the common pathogenetic fundamentals, the common phases of the disease, as well as the agreements in recording of the syndromes. The final section of the study provides a condensed survey of the essential factors and consequences of the concept, supplying details to supplement this brief review.

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The Structured and Scaled Interview to Assess Maladjustment (SSIAM)

Gurland¹

1972

Arch Gen Psychiatry

139

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Rationale and indications for biological treatment of psychiatric disorders

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Prevalence and appropriateness of psychotropic drug use in old age: results from the Berlin Aging Study (BASE)

Prevalence and appropriateness of psychotropic drug use in old age: results from the Berlin Aging Study (BASE)

Zum Modell ,,Universalgenese der Psychosen"

The Structured and Scaled Interview to Assess Maladjustment (SSIAM)

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