Rational Performance Indicators to Evaluate Asphalt Materials’ Aging Characteristics

Kumbargeri, Yogesh Shamsunder; Biligiri, Krishna Prapoorna

doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0001681

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Under sufficient supply of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the oxidative aging reaction causes the bituminous binder to become stiffer and more brittle, mostly agreed to be upon increasing association among polar components of binder. While the rheological behavior of bitumen and its change with aging, on the macro-level, has been extensively studied in the last decades [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and sophisticated models have been developed to describe the complex behavior of this material [13][14][15][16][17][18][19], the chemical composition of bitumen, its changes with aging, and in-depth analysis of its impact on the mechanical behavior, is still subject to studying [20][21][22][23][24] and intrigue many researchers in chemistry, and civil materials engineering fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeatability and sensitivity of FTIR ATR spectral analysis methods for bituminous binders

et al. 2017

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Bituminous binders as organic materials are prone to aging mainly by oxidation. Aging changes the viscoelastic behavior of the material over time towards higher stiffness and brittleness. FTIR has been increasingly used lately to investigate impacts of oxidative aging on the chemical structure of bitumen. Especially the carbonyl and sulfoxide bands are affected by aging and commonly used to describe changes due to evolving oxidation of a binder. However, spectra obtained from FTIR can be analyzed in fundamentally different ways and the analysis method applied to a spectrum has an impact on the gathered results and especially on the repeatability and sensitivity with regards to oxidative changes. For the presented study, two bituminous binders, a PG 64-16 and an SBS modified PG 76-22 PM were aged by RTFO and PAV and subsequently measured by FTIR. The obtained spectra (up to 90 individual spectra per aging state) were analyzed employing various methods using either the original or a normalized spectrum, a band maximum or integration based calculation of indices from an absolute or tangential baseline. By analyzing the coefficient of variation of the different analysis methods, it was found that not all analysis methods exhibit the same repeatability and sensitivity. From the findings of the study it can be recommended to work with normalized spectra, use an absolute baseline and work with integration of areas for index production in favor over band maximum based methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeatability and sensitivity of FTIR ATR spectral analysis methods for bituminous binders

et al. 2017

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“…Under sufficient supply of reactive oxygen species in the atmosphere, the oxidative ageing reaction causes the bituminous binder to become stiffer, less temperature susceptible and more brittle, mostly agreed to be upon increasing association among polar components of the binder. While the rheological behavior of bitumen and its change with ageing on the macro-level has been extensively studied in the last decades [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and sophisticated models have been developed to describe the complex behavior of this material [14][15][16][17][18][19][20], the chemical composition of bitumen, its changes with ageing, and in-depth analysis of its impact on the mechanical behavior, is still subject to studying [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] and intrigue many researchers in chemistry and civil materials engineering fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FTIR spectral analysis of bituminous binders: reproducibility and impact of ageing temperature

Porot²,

et al. 2018

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This RILEM round robin study with nine participating laboratories investigated bitumen ageing, its effect on chemical properties and its reproducibility. The impact of temperature used for shortterm (RTFOT) binder ageing on the combined shortand long-term (PAV) aged samples was investigated; thereby the effect of reduced mixing temperature such as those relevant for warm mix asphalt technologies on long term ageing was examined. Four 70/100 penetration graded bituminous binders from different sources were selected. In addition to the standard RTFOT temperature of 163°C, two additional temperatures, 143 and 123°C were used. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was carried out using an integration method which considers the area below the absorbance spectrum around a band maximum using baseline and tangential approaches. A statistical investigation into the reproducibility of FTIR spectra analysis based on the accumulated data was done. To assess the reproducibility, the coefficient of variation (CV) was taken as a benchmark parameter. Carbonyl and sulfoxide indices were calculated using different baseline correction methods and tangential and baseline integration, respectively. It was shown that the tangential method was not influenced by the applied baseline correction. However, in all considered cases, the tangential method led to significantly worse reproducibility (CVs ranging from 20 to 120%) compared 10.1617/s11527-018-1170-7 to the baseline method. The sulfoxide indices calculated by both methods were not affected by the baseline correction method used. Impacts of changes in the short-term ageing temperature on short-or longterm aged samples could not be found whereas differences between different binder sources could be detected. RTFOT temperature and therefore mix production temperature had a stronger impact on the formation of sulfoxide structures than for carbonyl structures. The findings from this study show the most reproducible of all considered methods when more than one laboratory is providing FTIR data.

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“…The study of ageing in bitumen encompasses primarily two approaches: the investigation of the chemical changing in the bitumen composition caused by oxidation (microscopic level), and the consequent variations in the mechanical response (macroscopic level). The evaluation of the compositional changes includes different indicators such as the formation of carbonyl compounds measured through fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) [7,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28], the variation of the molecular weight distribution of both the polymer and the bitumen phases measured through gel permeation chromatography (GPC) [25,29], and the formation of asphaltenes [30][31][32]. Additionally, alternative approaches such as the use of fluorescence microscopy [33,34] and the more recent atomic force microscope [35], provide respectively information on the changes in the morphology and in the microstructure of the bitumen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of PMBs, although the study of the effect of polymers on bitumen oxidation is not recent [46], the complexity of the interactions between polymer and bitumen does not allow a relatively well defined conclusion [7,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][47][48][49][50][51][52]. Results from compositional analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) show that for PMBs the definition of a unique ageing mechanism could be inaccurate since the effect of the oxidative processes is polymer-dependent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ageing on the morphology and creep and recovery of polymer-modified bitumens

et al. 2018

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Polymer additives are used to improve the properties of road bitumens including their oxidative resistance. However, their usage as anti-oxidative materials remains relatively unclear. This study aims to investigate the changes in the morphology and the rheological response of polymer modified bitumens used in road pavement construction caused by ageing. An elastomer (radial styrene butadiene styrene, SBS) and a plastomer (ethyl vinyl acetate, EVA) polymer were mixed with one base bitumen at three polymer concentrations. The bitumens were RTFO and PAV aged. The morphology of the bitumens was captured by fluorescence microscopy while the rheological properties were measured by means of the multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test. The results show that the morphology of the SBS modified bitumen degrades with ageing as a function of polymer concentration and dispersion, with higher dispersion being more resistant. The morphology of the EVA modified bitumen has a low ageing susceptibility irrespective of polymer concentration. The MSCR response of EVA modified bitumens does not differ from that found for unmodified bitumen, where the hardening produces a decrease in the non-recoverable compliance. In the case of SBS modified bitumen, the degradation of the polymer backbone affects the bitumen hardening as much as the polymer phase dispersed and networked in the bitumen phase. Furthermore, in the case of the elastomer, the average percent recovery is in agreement with the variation of the morphology with ageing. Therefore, the use of the average percent recovery as a valuable rheological index of the integrity of the polymer network can be advocated.

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Rational Performance Indicators to Evaluate Asphalt Materials’ Aging Characteristics

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Repeatability and sensitivity of FTIR ATR spectral analysis methods for bituminous binders

Repeatability and sensitivity of FTIR ATR spectral analysis methods for bituminous binders

FTIR spectral analysis of bituminous binders: reproducibility and impact of ageing temperature

Effect of ageing on the morphology and creep and recovery of polymer-modified bitumens

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