“…Failure of the FRP laminate may accrue from net-tension, cleavage-tension, bearing, and shear-out mechanisms (Camanho and Matthews, 1997;Hassan et al, 1997aHassan et al, , 1997b, where bearing is the most desirable failure mode since the connection reaches its strength while allowing significant deformations (Lamanna, 2002;Rizzo, 2005), whereas the other failure modes develop in a more brittle fashion (Rosner and Rizkalla, 1995). Pry-out or spalling of the concrete may also lead to failure of an MF-FRP strengthening system, typically accruing from the interaction of the stress fields produced in the concrete around closely spaced fasteners (Lamanna, 2002;Rizzo, 2005).…”