Rational Microstructure Design on Metal–Organic Framework Composites for Better Electrochemical Performances: Design Principle, Synthetic Strategy, and Promotion Mechanism

Abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) simultaneously containing metal ions and organic ligands have recently shown great potential for application in energy storage and conversion fields due to their controllable conversion into carbon materials or various metal species, which often exhibit superior electrochemical performance as electrode materials for energy storage and conversion. Nevertheless, the electrochemical energy storage performance of MOF derivatives can still be further enhanced through building composites with other functional materials. It is of great significance in developing new strategies of fabricating MOF composites to achieve electrode materials with improved charge transfer and electrochemical redox reaction kinetics. In this review, the novel design and strategies of MOF composites with various functional components are focused on, including carbon‐based materials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, etc.), metal oxides, 3D conductive substrates, polymeric materials, and the second MOFs and metal salts, especially their derivatives for energy storage and conversion fields. The key factors for controllable synthesis of various MOF composites and electrochemical performance enhancement mechanisms are discussed in detail. It is expected that this review will provide new inspiration for the development of MOF derivatives for energy storage and conversion.

Rational Design of MOF-Based Materials for Next-Generation Rechargeable Batteries

“…To address the aforementioned challenges in each nextgeneration battery system, a large number of works have been devoted to exploring new materials with high electrochemical performance. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), constructed from metal ions or clusters and organic ligands, have attracted tremendous interest as a new class of porous materials in various fields, such as drug delivery [16,17], gas adsorption, and separation [18,19], energy storage and conversion [20,21]. MOFs possess topologically diverse and well-defined structures, resulting from their underlying topological nets.…”

Modulating Metal–Organic Frameworks as Advanced Oxygen Electrocatalysts

“…As a new class of porous materials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are drawing more and more attention in various fields. [ 28–31 ] MOFs are discovered in late 1990s and developed rapidly in the following decades. [ 32–34 ] As shown in Scheme 1 , MOFs typically consist of metal or metal clusters (Zn 2+ , Co 2+ , Fe 3+ , Cu 2+ , Mn 2+ , and so on) as nodes and organic based ligands as linkers (such as imidazoles, carboxylates) through coordination bond.…”

Tuning the electronic structure of Co@N–C hybrids via metal-doping for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction

“…An effective way to solve this issue is to construct self-supporting electrodes by growing the active materials on currentconducting substrates such as nickel foam (NF), carbon cloth (CC) and so on. [35][36][37] In addition, the spatial conguration of MOF-derived materials with abundant exposed active sites on the substrate is important for achieving high performance. 38 Importantly, in situ conversion of the precursors with good spatial conguration on the substrate into MOFs can make the nally obtained MOF derivatives also have good spatial conguration.…”