Rational Integration of ZIF-8 and BiPO₄ for Energy Storage and Environmental Applications

Abstract

Environmental pollution and energy storage are among the most pivotal challenges of today’s world. The development of multifunctional materials is required to address these challenges. Our study presents the rational design and synthesis of a hybrid material (ZIF-8@BiPO4) with dual functionality: an outstanding supercapacitor electrode and an excellent photocatalyst. The ZIF-8@BiPO4 hybrid structure was obtained by conjoining zinc ions and 2-methylimidazole ligands toward BiPO4 by a one-pot stirring route at room temperature. The ZIF-8@BiPO4 resulted in considerably higher specific capacitance (Cs) (489 F g–1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s–1; 497 F g–1 at a current density of 1 A g–1) than that of pure BiPO4 (358; 443 F g–1) and ZIF-8 (185; 178 F g–1) under the same conditions in a three-electrode cell using the 2 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. Afterward, an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device was fabricated with BiPO4 as the anode and ZIF-8@BiPO4 as the cathodes, acquiring an outstanding Cs of 255 F g–1 at a current density of 0.5 A g–1 with significant cycling stability (81% over 10,000 cycles). Moreover, the ASC has an energy density of 17.5 Wh kg–1and a power density of 13,695 W kg–1, which can be considered to be at the borderline between batteries and supercapacitors. The photocatalytic activity of ZIF-8@BiPO4 was further studied using a methylene blue (MB) dye and sildenafil citrate (SC) drug-active molecules. The degradation of MB was approximately 78% through the photocatalytic reduction after 180 min of UV irradiation. The outstanding characteristics together with the ecofriendly and low-cost preparation make ZIF-8@BiPO4 appealing for a broad range of applications.

Unlocking the Potential of Bismuth‐Based Materials in Supercapacitor Technology: A Comprehensive Review

“…The symbol “E” indicates energy, “C” stands for capacitance, “V” denotes cell voltage, “P” represents power, and the internal resistance is abbreviated as “ESR”. The major objective is to optimize P and E in order to maximize V and C, and minimize R, based on these equations [20–24] . Furthermore, the following equation can also be used to calculate the capacitance $$$\vcenter{\openup.5em\halign{$\displaystyle{#}$\cr C=\varepsilon o.\varepsilon r.Ae/d\hfill\cr}}$$$ …”

“…The major objective is to optimize P and E in order to maximize V and C, and minimize R, based on these equations. [20][21][22][23][24] Furthermore, the following equation can also be used to calculate the capacitance C ¼ eo:er:Ae=d…”

Redox electrolyte mediated performance enhancement in aqueous zinc ion hybrid supercapacitors composed of spinel BaFe2O4 and cubic Cu2O

“…Moreover, Zn is less costly, with abundant resources (B300 times more than Li) and a more secure metal to use in aqueous-based ES than Li, Na, and K. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] So far, a wide range of materials, including metal oxides/ sulfides/phosphates, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), carbonates, chalcogenides, conductive polymers, and their composites, have been analyzed for ES. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] Among these materials, cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O), one of the p-type semiconductors having a direct bandgap of 2.2 eV, has gained attention because of the analogous faradaic behavior observed in both batteries and SCs. [48][49][50][51][52] Several types of Cu 2 O with different morphologies, such as nanowires, octahedrons, hollow spheres, nano boxes, nano cubes, etc.…”

Telluride‐Based Materials: A Promising Route for High Performance Supercapacitors

“…The energy crisis has become a global issue over the last decade, not just because of finite fossil fuel supplies, but also because of environmental concerns. [1][2][3] In recent years, energy has been derived mainly from fossil fuel combustion to support the functions of industries, households, and other environments. [4] However, this causes global warming by polluting the environment, and because of resource constraints, researchers are investigating new "fuels" to remedy the situation.…”

“…The energy crisis has become a global issue over the last decade, not just because of finite fossil fuel supplies, but also because of environmental concerns [1–3] . In recent years, energy has been derived mainly from fossil fuel combustion to support the functions of industries, households, and other environments [4] .…”