“…The plasma jet generated by ARTP is controlled by the discharged power and gas flow, and its composition mainly includes excited helium atoms, excited oxygen atoms, excited hydrogen atoms, and free •OH radicals ( Zhang et al, 2014 ; Winter et al, 2015 ; Zhang et al, 2015 ; Yu et al, 2019 ). Due to its low voltage radio-frequency power source, low temperature plasma, equal uniform plasma jet, easy operation, and high safety, ARTP has become increasingly popular among microbial breeding operators for its extensive applications ( Wang et al, 2010 ; Zhang et al, 2014 ; Yang et al, 2019 ; Zhou et al, 2019 ). Li et al (2008) have identified the mechanism of radio-frequency and atmospheric-pressure glow discharges (APGD) directly acted on plasmid DNA and oligonucleotides.…”