Rational Design Strategy of Novel Energy Storage Systems: Toward High‐Performance Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries

Abstract

Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) are promising candidates to replace currently commercialized lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in large‐scale energy storage applications owing to their merits of abundant resources, low cost, high theoretical volumetric capacity, etc. However, the development of RMBs is still facing great challenges including the incompatibility of the electrolyte and the lack of suitable cathode materials with high reversible capacity and fast kinetics of Mg2+. While tremendous efforts have been made to explore compatible electrolytes and appropriate electrode materials, the rational design of unconventional Mg‐based battery systems is another effective strategy for achieving high electrochemical performance. This review specifically discusses the recent research progress of various Mg‐based battery systems. First, the optimization of electrolyte and electrode materials for conventional RMBs is briefly discussed. Furthermore, various Mg‐based battery systems, including Mg‐chalcogen (S, Se, Te) batteries, Mg‐halogen (Br2, I2) batteries, hybrid‐ion batteries, and Mg‐based dual‐ion batteries are systematically summarized. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of different Mg‐based battery systems, which can inspire latecomers to explore new strategies for the development of high‐performance and practically available RMBs.

Porous Metal Current Collectors for Alkali Metal Batteries

“… Next‐generation batteries such as aqueous‐metal (Zn, Mg, Ca, and Al)‐based batteries are promising energy‐storage systems for future smart grids. [ 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 ] The PMCCs in such systems might bring more opportunities, e.g., accommodating highly active materials loading, suppressing the metal dendrites growth, and improving electrochemical performance. However, taking the aqueous Zn metal battery as an example, Zn metal shows intrinsic thermodynamic instability in the aqueous system.…”

Charge Carriers for Aqueous Dual‐Ion Batteries

“…Constructing DIBs effectively avoids this problem and benefits increasing operating potentials. [44] To construct a Mg-based ADIB in aqueous electrolyte, the first problem comes in the strong interaction with aqueous electrolyte molecules. Saturated aqueous electrolyte such as 4.5 mol kg H 2 O À 1 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 sufficiently suppresses the irreversible deprotonation reaction of Mg with electrodes and electrolyte, achieving fast redox reactions.…”

Energy Storage Mechanism of C12-3-3 with High-Capacity and High-Rate Performance for Li/Mg Batteries

“…One of the strategies is to develop novel metal batteries. Very recently, Mg-ion batteries (MIBs) have received tremendous attention because of prominent volumetric capacity, high safety performance, and abundant resources of Mg anodes. − In the previous reports, the state-of-the-art anode materials for Mg batteries focus on Mg metal, Mg alloys, intercalation-type anodes, and so on. , Nevertheless, the passivation film, corrosion, and fewer Mg-dendrites on the Mg surface in most electrolytes hamper the practical development of MIBs. , Further, intermetallic anodes are notoriously resulting from their volumetric expansion . Additionally, the traditional intercalation-type materials, such as graphene, are not suitable for anode materials for MIBs without the property of Mg-affinity.…”

“…6,7 Nevertheless, the passivation film, corrosion, and fewer Mg-dendrites on the Mg surface in most electrolytes hamper the practical development of MIBs. 8,9 Further, intermetallic anodes are notoriously resulting from their volumetric expansion. 10 Additionally, the traditional intercalation-type materials, such as graphene, are not suitable for anode materials for MIBs without the property of Mg-affinity.…”