Rational Design of Three‐Dimensional Self‐Supporting Structure for Advanced Lithium Metal Anode

Abstract

Lithium metal anode (LMA) is the next generation of high‐performance electrochemical energy storage materials because of its unique advantages (high capacity and low redox potential). However, a discontinuous solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer and lithium dendrites are formed during battery charging, leading to serious safety problems. For this purpose, researchers have devised many solutions, such as artificial SEI, modified current collector, and lithium alloy layer. Among them, the three‐dimensional (3D) current collector with a high surface area can not only reduce the local current density of lithium deposition but also promote lithium‐ion transfer and nucleation, thus inhibiting dendrite growth. In this progress report, we review the design of the LMA 3D‐structured current collector in accordance with the classification. Firstly, we discuss the latest development of advanced metal current collectors. Secondly, the 3D design of carbon‐based current collectors is summarized to improve the overall performance of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Finally, the main challenges and development prospects of LMBs’ current collectors in the future are discussed.

Lightweight 3D Lithiophilic Graphene Aerogel Current Collectors for Lithium Metal Anodes

“…The specific surface area of the rGO-AgNW aerogel is calculated to be 159.2 m 2 g −1 . The enlarged specific surface area of the rGO-AgNW aerogel can effectively mitigate the localized current density of the electrode, thereby inhibiting dendrite formation [55]. In order to compare the elasticity of the two aerogel materials, compression tests were performed, as shown in Figure 2f.…”

Cationic Metal–Organic Framework Arrays to Enable Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anodes

“…Among the above-mentioned strategies, 3D current collectors are effective because they act as the hosts for Li deposition to reduce volume changes . The large surface area of the porous structure reduces local current densities and homogenizes Li + flux, facilitating uniform Li deposition. − In addition, improving the surface “lithiophilic” property of the porous current collectors can guide uniform Li nucleation . On the other hand, increasing the interface stability between the deposited Li and the liquid electrolyte is critical to achieving long-term cycling stability.…”