Rational Design of Bioactive Materials for Bone Hemostasis and Defect Repair

Abstract

Everyday unnatural events such as trauma, accidents, military conflict, disasters, and even medical malpractice create open wounds and massive blood loss, which can be life-threatening. Fractures and large bone defects are among the most common types of injuries. Traditional treatment methods usually involve rapid hemostasis and wound closure, which are convenient and fast but may result in various complications such as nerve injury, deep infection, vascular injury, and deep hematomas. To address these complications, various studies have been conducted on new materials that can be degraded in the body and reduce inflammation and abscesses in the surgical area. This review presents the latest research progress in biomaterials for bone hemostasis and repair. The mechanisms of bone hemostasis and bone healing are first introduced and then principles for rational design of biomaterials are summarized. After providing representative examples of hemostatic biomaterials for bone repair, future challenges and opportunities in the field are proposed.

Pregelatinized hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate-reinforced calcium sulfate bone cement for bleeding bone treatment

“…Regarding the benefits and shortcomings of bone wax, it substitutes are acknowledged to be biodegradable, biocompatible, cost-effective and defect shape adaptable. 22 With the progress of minimally invasive surgery, medical demands such as injectability, bone adhesiveness and saline irrigation resistance are further proposed for the design of hemostatic bone materials. 23 In the past decades, several material prototypes for bleeding bone control have been developed, including alkylene oxide copolymers, 24 polyethylene glycol 21 and calcium phosphate composite cement.…”

Promoting osteogenesis and bone regeneration employing icariin-loaded nanoplatforms

“…By integrating principles of biology, materials science, and engineering, BTE aims to develop biomimetic scaffolds, bioactive molecules, and cell-based therapies to promote bone healing and regeneration [ 19 , 20 ]. BTE is an evolving field within regenerative medicine, aimed at addressing challenges posed by bone disorders, fractures, and critical-sized bone defects [ 21 , 22 ]. The critical process of bone regeneration involves the transformation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts and the subsequent mineralization of the extracellular matrix (ECM), making up the complex osteogenesis mechanism [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Pioneering nanomedicine in orthopedic treatment care: a review of current research and practices

“…Minerals and organic compounds have nanometer-scale dimensions ( Rho et al, 1998 ). In orthopedics surgery, biomaterials and host tissue commonly interact on a micro-level ( Gai et al, 2023 ). Through nanoscale material alterations, it is feasible to significantly improve the effectiveness of these kinds of interactions by employing biomaterials made up of NPs and structures ( Mazaheri et al, 2015 ; Wang and Tang, 2019 ).…”