“…With the developments and increased availability of short pulse (picosecond and femtosecond) lasers, the studies of TPA became more widespread and detailed in the 1990s, and much information has been collected on the materials that provide effective Molecules 2021, 26, 6323 2 of 39 TPA. Many applications of this effect, such as those in photodynamic therapy (PDT) [5][6][7], optical data storage [8,9], optical power limiting [10], imaging [11,12], 3D photopolymerization [13,14], microfabrication and lithography [15][16][17], photodiodes [18,19], and laser pulse characterization [20] have been suggested. Applications of TPA exploit several features of this phenomenon.…”