Solar interfacial evaporation (SIE) by leveraging photothermal
conversion could be a clean and sustainable solution to the scarcity
of fresh water, decontamination of wastewater, and steam sterilization.
However, the process of salt crystallization on photothermal materials
used in SIE, especially from saltwater evaporation, has not been completely
understood. We report the temporal and spatial evolution of salt crystals
on the photothermal layer during SIE. By using a typical oil lamp
evaporator, we found that salt crystallization always initiates from
the edge of the evaporation surface of the photothermal layer due
to the local fast flux of the vapor to the surroundings. Interestingly,
the salt crystals exhibit either compact or loose morphology, depending
on the location and evaporation duration. By employing a suite of
complementary analytical techniques of Raman and infrared spectroscopy
and temperature mapping, we followed the evolution and spatial distribution
of salt crystals, interfacial water, and surface temperature during
evaporation. Our results suggested that the compact crystal structure
may emerge from the recrystallization of salt in an initially porous
structure, driven by continuous water evaporation from the porous
and loose crystals. The holistic view provided in this study may lay
the foundation for effective strategies for mitigation of the negative
impact of salt crystallization in solar evaporation.