Rational Choice Theory in the Mining Shares Divestment Scheme

Abstract

Environmental Policy and Law, 49/(4-5) (2019) that the emission reduction outcome of a carbon tax is not pre-defined, but the carbon price is". See http://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/pricing-carbon. The first instance of a carbon tax was in January 1990 in Finland. Finland's initiative was followed by Sweden, Norway, the Netherlands, Denmark, Italy and the UK. Some Canadian provinces have followed with carbon taxes (e.g., Quebec in 2007 and British Columbia in 2008), as well as a few areas in the US (e.g., Boulder, Colorado in 2007 and Bay Area Air Quality Management District, California in 2008). 18 One interpretation of environmental integrity is the sustenance of important biophysical processes which support plant and animal life, and which must be allowed to continue without significant change. The objective is to assure the continued health of essential life-support systems of nature, including air, water and soil, by protecting the resilience, diversity and durability of the ecosystem. It is difficult to argue that a carbon tax, which could discourage pollution, would distort the balance of nature. 19 Lang, C. 2016. "Why not put a carbon tax on aviation rather than relying on REDD offsets? Because a tax lacks 'environmental integrity', says ICAO's Jane Hupe". REDD, 12 April. Available at https://redd-monitor.org/2016/04/12/ why-not-put-a-carbon-tax-on-aviation-rather-than-relying-on-redd-offsetsbecause-a-tax-lacks-environmental-integrity-says-icaos-jane-hupe/. 20 Ibid.

Role of Divestment in Realizing the Welfare of Indonesian

“…This research is important because it is different from other studies that do not examine the harmonization of the relationship between the central government and local governments in the divestment of mining company shares [17], as well as rational choice theory in mining share divestment schemes [18], and the study of PT Freeport Indonesia's Contract of Work divestment law [19].…”