Rational actions or institutional actions: A study on the rationality in academic librarians' decision-making processes when purchasing e-book products

Institutional Theory and City Council as a Driver for Urban Sustainability

“…Such processes of globalization operate within an institutional environment, as an institution, or formal structure, does not just conform as a standard property but also as a mutual process. An important council of institutional theory and institutionalization, defined as a central process in the creation and perpetuation of long-lasting social groups, as in the case of two states in an international environment, especially exposed to the need for partnership between their actors, as suggested by SDG17 (Zhang 2020;Nite et al 2019).…”

“…The theory of complex interdependence takes into account that in a multicultural and expressive diverse world, a single model is unable to attend to understand it; it is necessary, therefore, that there be a combination of characteristics that come from specific approaches for the analysis of a given real situation in order to fully understand it (Virutamasen et al 2015;Zhang 2020). One of the challenges of interdependence as a theory is the fine line that separates the analysis, with all the measurable dimension of the theory, from the reductionist, simplistic, and sometimes fallacious and manipulative rhetoric that the study inevitably brings.…”

“…For Moravcsik (1997), the institutional theory, referred to by him as liberal theory, is useful to analyze international regimes, organized and identifiable systems of interstate governance, to know which groups influence more than others and to evaluate preferences according to the internal point of view of states. In this sense, although the focus of Keohane and Nye (1988) is multidimensional, that is, even if it mixes aspects of structural realism in their conception, it is interesting to realize that there are similarities and differences between the focus of both authors and that they lead the understanding of how an international regime related to sustainability can be built not only by states, but also by international actors who can direct their behavior (Pourchot and Stivachtis 2014;Zhang 2020;Schrobback and Meath 2020). For similarities between Moravcsik (1997) and Keohane and Nye (1988) the case of preferences can be mentioned; it is true that the structure and the actors participate in a context that helps in the creation of these preferences, but the authors give preferences the main credit when evaluating the behavior of states, that is, it is the preferences of states that determine their behavior (the internal point of view is quite relevant in relation to the external).…”