Ratio of n–6 to n–3 fatty acids and bone mineral density in older adults: the Rancho Bernardo Study

Weiss, Lauren A.; Barrett‐Connor, Elizabeth; Mühlen, Denise von

doi:10.1093/ajcn/81.4.934

Cited by 228 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Also, the intake of omega-6 fatty acids has been previously shown to be associated with a lower bone mineral density, and a high ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 has been reported to be detrimental for bone formation (Albertazzi and Coupland, 2002). In the Rancho Bernardo Study, after assessing bone mineral density in 1532 community-dwelling men and women aged 45-90 years, an increasing ratio of total dietary omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids was significantly and independently associated with lower bone mineral density (Weiss et al, 2005). The results of the investigation conducted by Macdonald et al, (2004) also suggested that PUFAs are harmful to bone in women, but, to our knowledge, no previous epidemiologic study has reported a direct association between PUFA intake and a higher fracture risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total fat intake (Kato et al, 2000;Macdonald et al, 2004) and, more specifically, saturated fat intake (Corwin et al, 2006) have been reported to be associated with a higher risk of bone loss and osteoporotic fractures. However, a previous study conducted in a Mediterranean country has reported a beneficial role for monounsaturated fat (MUFA) (Trichopoulou et al, 1997), whereas some studies have also found associations between high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake and lower bone density (Macdonald et al, 2004;Weiss et al, 2005). We evaluated the association between fat intake, serum lipids and the risk of osteoporotic fractures using a case-control design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Dietary fat intake and the risk of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly

et al. 2007

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Objective: To explore the association between fat intake, serum lipids and the risk of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly. Design: A hospital-based case-control study. Setting: The study was conducted at a tertiary centre and referral hospital for the province of Jaén (Spain). Subjects: Cases (n ¼ 167) were patients aged 65 years or more with a low-energy fracture selected from the population attended at the hospital. Controls (patients without antecedents of any fracture) were 1:1 matched to cases by sex and age (n ¼ 167). Methods: Diet was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were also measured. Results: Participants in the two upper quartiles of polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) intake showed an increased risk of fracture, with statistically significant differences with respect to the first quartile in the adjusted model (odds ratio (OR) ¼ 3.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) ¼ 1.06-12.1 and OR ¼ 5.88; 95% CI ¼ 1.38-25.02); P ¼ 0.01 for the trend test). A higher ratio of monounsaturated fat (MUFA) to PUFA was associated with a reduced risk of fracture (OR ¼ 0.20; 95% CI ¼ 0.07-0.60 for the fourth quartile; P ¼ 0.002 for the trend test). The intake of omega-6 fatty acids was associated with an elevated risk of fracture (OR ¼ 3.41; 95% CI ¼ 1.05-11.15 for the fourth quartile; P ¼ 0.01 for the trend test). HDL-cholesterol levels were inversely associated with the risk of fracture (test for trend P ¼ 0.03 across quartiles). Conclusions: PUFA intake was associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly, whereas a high ratio of MUFA:PUFA was associated with decreased risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Dietary fat intake and the risk of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly

et al. 2007

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“…In a definitive review by Kruger and Horrobin [8] it was suggested that PUFAs of the n-3 series, as well as the n-6 fatty acid gamma linolenic acid (GLA), may prove beneficial when consumed in appropriate amounts. In addition, it has been shown that a reduction of the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio could result in increased bone strength in animals [9] and in humans [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Selected mechanisms of action on bone

Kruger

Coetzee

Haag

et al. 2010

Progress in Lipid Research

143

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“…[4][5][6][7][8] There is increasing evidence that lack of certain PUFAs in the diet can induce bone loss, [9][10][11] while dietary supplementation of some PUFAs has been shown to be beneficial for bone. 5,6,[12][13][14] Clinical studies have shown, for instance, that supplementation of calcium, g-linolenic acid (GLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the diets of elderly women decreases bone turnover and increases bone mineral density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast‐like cells

Coetzee

Haag

Kruger

2008

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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Osteoblasts in culture can differentiate into mature mineralizing osteoblasts when stimulated with osteogenic agents. Clinical trials and in vivo animal studies suggest that specific polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may benefit bone health. The aim of this study was to investigate whether arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) affect osteogenesis in osteoblasts and the transdifferentiation into adipocytes. Results from this study show that long-term exposure to AA inhibited alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in these cells, which might be prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 )-mediated. DHA exposure also inhibited ALP activity which was evident after both short-and long-term exposures. The mechanism whereby DHA inhibits ALP activity is not clear and needs to be investigated. Although long-term exposure to PUFAs inhibited ALP activity, the mineralizing properties of these cells were not compromised. Furthermore, PUFA exposure did not induce adipocyte-like features in these cells as evidenced by the lack of cytoplasmic triacylglycerol accummulation. More research is required to elucidate the cellular mechanisms of action of PUFAs on bone.

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Ratio of n–6 to n–3 fatty acids and bone mineral density in older adults: the Rancho Bernardo Study

Abstract: A higher ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids is associated with lower BMD at the hip in both sexes. These findings suggest that the relative amounts of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids may play a vital role in preserving skeletal integrity in older age.

Cited by 228 publications

References 31 publications

Dietary fat intake and the risk of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly

Dietary fat intake and the risk of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Selected mechanisms of action on bone

Effects of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast‐like cells

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