Ratio-based design hour determination for airport passenger terminal facilities

Waltert, Manuel; Wicki, Jan; Jimenez, Edgar; Pagliari, Romano

doi:10.1016/j.jairtraman.2021.102125

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In this latter approach, airport planners create future flight schedules that specify departing and arriving aircraft, load factors, routes, scheduled times, aircraft types, etc. for several design days in the future (Waltert et al, 2021). To do this, current determining factors of demand, such as fleet and airline mixes, load factors, transit rates or arrival distributions are extrapolated and adjusted to future expectations (Kennon et al, 2013(Kennon et al, , 2016IATA, 2022).…”

Section: Applied Proposal and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An empirical evaluation of airport capacity and demand: insights regarding air traffic design hours and delay

Rodríguez-Sanz,

Rubio-Andrada

2023

AEAT

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Purpose An important and challenging question for air transportation regulators and airport operators is the definition and specification of airport capacity. Annual capacity is used for long-term planning purposes as a degree of available service volume, but it poses several inefficiencies when measuring the true throughput of the system because of seasonal and daily variations of traffic. Instead, airport throughput is calculated or estimated for a short period of time, usually one hour. This brings about a mismatch: air traffic forecasts typically yield annual volumes, whereas capacity is measured on hourly figures. To manage the right balance between airport capacity and demand, annual traffic volumes must be converted into design hour volumes, so that they can be compared with the true throughput of the system. This comparison is a cornerstone in planning new airport infrastructures, as design-period parameters are important for airport planners in anticipating where and when congestion occurs. Although the design hour for airport traffic has historically had a number of definitions, it is necessary to improve the way air traffic design hours are selected. This study aims to provide an empirical analysis of airport capacity and demand, specifically focusing on insights related to air traffic design hours and the relationship between capacity and delay. Design/methodology/approach By reviewing the empirical relationships between hourly and annual air traffic volumes and between practical capacity and delay at 50 European airports during the period 2004–2021, this paper discusses the problem of defining a suitable peak hour for capacity evaluation purposes. The authors use information from several data sources, including EUROCONTROL, ACI and OAG. This study provides functional links between design hours and annual volumes for different airport clusters. Additionally, the authors appraise different daily traffic distribution patterns and their variation by hour of the day. Findings The clustering of airports with respect to their capacity, operational and traffic characteristics allows us to discover functional relationships between annual traffic and the percentage of traffic in the design hour. These relationships help the authors to propose empirical methods to derive expected traffic in design hours from annual volumes. The main conclusion is that the percentage of total annual traffic that is concentrated at the design hour maintains a predictable behavior through a “potential” adjustment with respect to the volume of annual traffic. Moreover, the authors provide an experimental link between capacity and delay so that peak hour figures can be related to factors that describe the quality of traffic operations. Originality/value The functional relationships between hourly and annual air traffic volumes and between capacity and delay, can be used to properly assess airport expansion projects or to optimize resource allocation tasks. This study offers new evidence on the nature of airport capacity and the dynamics of air traffic design hours and delay.

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Section: Applied Proposal and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…can estimate hourly traffic volumes based on the forecasted annual demand), it is necessary to understand the underlying demand functions, which describe how airport facilities operate. There are basically two main methods (Waltert et al, 2021).…”

Section: Ranking Curves For Airport Traffic: Evaluation Of Airport Ca...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An empirical evaluation of airport capacity and demand: insights regarding air traffic design hours and delay

Rodríguez-Sanz,

Rubio-Andrada

2023

AEAT

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“…There are basically two main methods [12]: Ratio based models -functional relationships (a top-down approach). These models are based on the assumption that the ratio φ between the design hour demand (DHD i,T ) for airport facility i and the aggregated annual demand (D T ) in year T can either be described with a constant ratio φ i , so DHD i,T = φi • D T (Equation 1).…”

Section: Relationship Between Hourly and Annual Traffic Volumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach solves the capacity shortage directly [8] and requires a comprehensive infrastructure planning process for the infrastructure. To avoid both over-design and under-sizing of airport facilities, such as passenger terminals, runways, taxiways or aprons, infrastructure is designed for a specific air traffic design volume [11][12][13]. Therefore, key issues in airport capacity and demand management, as part of this airport development process, are throughput evaluation and the definition of traffic design hours [2,13].…”

Section: Introduction: the Importance Of Adjusting Airport Capacity T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An empirical analysis of airport capacity evaluation: insights regarding air traffic design hours

Rodríguez–Sanz

Andrada

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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An important and challenging question for air transportation regulators and airport operators is the definition and specification of airport capacity. Airport capacity is rather difficult to describe due to its multi-faceted and dynamic nature, and it depends both on the available infrastructure, on external factors and on operating procedures. Moreover, annual capacity is used for long term planning purposes as a degree of available service volume, but it poses several inefficiencies when measuring the true throughput of the system because of seasonal and daily variations of traffic. Instead, airport throughput is calculated or estimated for a short period of time, usually one hour. This brings about a mismatch: air traffic forecasts typically yield annual volumes, whereas capacity is measured on hourly figures. To manage the right balance between airport capacity and demand, annual traffic volumes must be converted into design hour volumes so that they can be compared with the true throughput of the system. This comparison is a cornerstone in planning new airport infrastructures, as design-period parameters are important for airport planners in anticipating where and when congestion occurs. Although the design hour for airport traffic has historically had a number of definitions, it is necessary to improve the way air traffic design hours are selected. By reviewing the relationships between hourly and annual air traffic volumes at 50 European airports during the period 2004-2021, this paper discusses the problem of defining a suitable peak hour for capacity evaluation purposes. Additionally, we appraise different daily traffic distribution patterns and their variation by hour of the day. The clustering of airports with respect to their capacity, operational, and traffic characteristics allows us to discover functional relationships between design hours and annual volumes. These relationships help us to propose empirical methods to derive expected traffic in design hours from annual volumes. This could be used to properly assess airport expansion projects or to optimise resource allocation tasks. Finally, we provide new evidence on the nature of airport capacity and the dynamics of air traffic design hours.

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“…Agar perencanaan tidak melebihi kapasitas yang dibutuhkan atau kurang dari yang dibutuhkan, fasilitas penumpang di bandar udara dirancang untuk beban desain yang ditentukan secara khusus. Beban desain dipertimbangkan untuk periode waktu yang singkat, umumnya selama satu jam operasi, pada waktu puncak, dan saat permintaan fasilitas terjadi [6] [7].…”

Section: Airportsunclassified

Evaluasi Fasilitas Penumpang Terminal 1 Bandara Juanda di Masa Pandemi

Fatimah

Supriadi

Wasito

2022

warlit

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Desain fasilitas penumpang di bandara dilakukan berdasarkan jumlah penumpang pada waktu sibuk. Dengan demikian, diharapkan fasilitas yang ada dapat mengakomodasi kebutuhan penumpang pada waktu sibuk. Terjadi penurunan jumlah pergerakan pesawat, penumpang, dan kargo yang signifikan selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Sementara itu, protokol kesehatan social distancing atau jaga jarak juga berlaku di bandara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi fasilitas penumpang yang ada. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan mengukur luas fasilitas penumpang yang dibutuhkan pada waktu sibuk berdasarkan SNI, IATA, dan ACI, kemudian membandingkannya dengan fasilitas penumpang yang ada di bandara. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa luas departure hall saat ini di Juanda jauh di bawah hasil perhitungan kebutuhan ruang, baik menggunakan metode SNI maupun IATA ACI untuk jumlah penumpang pada waktu sibuk di masa pandemi.

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Ratio-based design hour determination for airport passenger terminal facilities

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

An empirical evaluation of airport capacity and demand: insights regarding air traffic design hours and delay

An empirical evaluation of airport capacity and demand: insights regarding air traffic design hours and delay

An empirical analysis of airport capacity evaluation: insights regarding air traffic design hours

Evaluasi Fasilitas Penumpang Terminal 1 Bandara Juanda di Masa Pandemi

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