Rating of Different Olfactory Judgements in Alzheimer's Disease

Royet, Jean-Pierre; Croisile, Bernard; Williamson-Vasta, R.; Hibert, O.; Serclerat, D.; Guerin, Julie B.

doi:10.1093/chemse/26.4.409

Cited by 47 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Words, on the other hand, must first have been recognized by their meaning and then judged for edibility. Moreover, patients with Alzheimer's disease in comparison to controls were quite compromised in identification of odors but not in edibility judgments (Royet et al 2001). From this point of view, it may indeed be expected that such presemantic judgment of an odor's edibility would not induce a deeper level of processing than a similarity judgment believed to be based on perceptual qualities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Odor Memory Performance and Memory Awareness: A Comparison to Word Memory Across Orienting Tasks and Retention Intervals

et al. 2009

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Odor memory has been argued to exhibit unique characteristics in relation to memory for other types of stimuli such as visually presented words. Two experiments investigated episodic recognition performance as well as memory awareness for odors and words across manipulations of orienting task and retention interval. Orienting task mattered little to odor recognition. However, in contradiction with several previous studies, substantial forgetting of odors was found. After controlling for effects of odor identifiability, it was found that memory for identified odors exhibited greater similarities to memory for words than to memory for unidentified odors.Keywords Odor memory . Word memory . Episodic recognition . Odor identification Several scholars of odor memory have pointed out certain functional traits suggesting that odor memory is characterized by parameters that are different from those of memory for other types of stimuli (

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Odor Memory Performance and Memory Awareness: A Comparison to Word Memory Across Orienting Tasks and Retention Intervals

et al. 2009

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“…It has long been recognized that olfaction is impaired in persons with clinically diagnosed AD 22–27 . Olfactory function is also impaired in MCI, 26–31 a precursor of AD, and in those with at least one copy of the apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele, 28,32–34 a well established risk factor for AD. In previous research in this cohort, we showed that odor recognition performance predicted incidence of MCI and AD, rate of cognitive decline, and level of AD pathology on postmortem examination 4,5 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Impairment in Presymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease

Wilson

Arnold

Schneider

et al. 2009

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

193

164

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) impairs olfaction, but it is uncertain how early this occurs in the disease process and whether the effect can be accounted for by other behavioral or genetic markers of the disease. We administered the Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT) to 471 older people without dementia or cognitive impairment who then completed annual clinical evaluations and brain autopsy at death. BSIT score was associated with more rapid decline in episodic memory and with increased risk of developing incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI), even after controlling for baseline level of episodic memory and possession of an apolipoprotein E ε4 allele. In 34 people who died without evidence of cognitive impairment, lower BSIT score was associated with higher level of AD pathology, even after controlling for ε4 and for level of episodic memory function when olfaction was assessed. These analyses suggest that among older people without clinical manifestations of AD or MCI, olfactory dysfunction is related to both the level of AD pathology in the brain and the risk of subsequently developing prodromal symptoms of the disease and that these associations persist after accounting for the effects of other recognized behavioral and genetic markers of the disease.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of disability in old age, and the public health challenges posed by the disease are likely to increase in the coming decades with the aging of the United States population. Definitive classification of AD currently requires a brain autopsy, underscoring the need for biological or behavioral markers of the disease in the living. In particular, markers are needed to support early diagnosis because diseasemodifying therapeutic compounds for AD are under development, and it is generally assumed that such compounds will be most effective early in the disease course before pathology is widespread [1][2][3]. In addition to certain practical characteristic (i.e., reliable, non-invasive, simple to perform), the ideal biomarker should be related to AD neuropathology [1] in those with little or no clinical evidence of the disease. In view of the substantial clinical and neuropathologic heterogeneity of AD, accurate early diagnosis will most likely require the use of several markers in conjunction. In this context, therefore, markers that have little or no correlation with other markers will be most useful. In the present study, we focus on olfactory impairment as an early sign of AD. With clinical and neuropathologic data from the Rush Memory and Aging Project, we previously showed that difficulty identifying familiar odors predicted subsequent development of mild cognitive impairment, a precursor to dementia in AD [4], and was robustly correlated with level of AD pathology on postmortem examination [5]. Here, we conduct further analyses of individuals without dementia or MCI at study enrollment to test whether the association of olfactory dysfunction with AD is evident in this well functioning subgroup and whether it pe...

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“…The decline of cued odor identification performance often starts during the fifth (Doty et al, 1984a) and sixth decade of life (Brämerson, Johansson, Ek, Nordin, & Bende, 2004;Wehling, Espeseth, Reivang, Lundervold & Nordin, 2009). Findings are not consistent regarding familiarity: while Royet et al (2001) found that familiarity declined significantly with age, other authors have not confirmed this finding (Gilbert & Murphy, 2004;Larsson & Bäckman, 1997). Further studies of age effects in a sample performing different odor identification tasks are thus called for.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Familiarity, Cued and Free Odor Identification and Their Association with Cognitive Functioning in Middle Aged and Older Adults

Wehling

Nordin

Espeseth

et al. 2010

Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition

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The aim of the present study was to examine the association between familiarity of odors, cued and free odor identification performance and cognitive function in elderly adults. It was further investigated how age affects performance on the various odor tasks. A third aim was to investigate the role of familiarity in explaining performance on the free identification task. One hundred and thirty-six participants (aged 45-79 years) with normal olfactory sensitivity were assessed with the Scandinavian Odor Identification Test (SOIT) and standardized tests of cognitive function. Familiarity did not correlate with any measure of cognitive function, while verbal identification performance was associated with several cognitive measures, although correlations were modest. In this sample, free odor identification was affected by increasing age to a marginally larger extent than cued identification performance and familiarity ratings. The results suggest that the different olfactory tasks involve different levels of cognitive processing.

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Rating of Different Olfactory Judgements in Alzheimer's Disease

Cited by 47 publications

References 55 publications

Odor Memory Performance and Memory Awareness: A Comparison to Word Memory Across Orienting Tasks and Retention Intervals

Odor Memory Performance and Memory Awareness: A Comparison to Word Memory Across Orienting Tasks and Retention Intervals

Olfactory Impairment in Presymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease

Familiarity, Cued and Free Odor Identification and Their Association with Cognitive Functioning in Middle Aged and Older Adults

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