Rating group therapist interventions: The validation of the Group Psychotherapy Intervention Rating Scale.

Modeling cohesion change in group psychotherapy: the influence of group leader behaviors and client characteristics

“…Additionally, all of the GPIRS subscales negatively correlated with member-reported conflict (Group Structuring r = -.42, Verbal Interaction r = -.38, Emotional Climate r = -.38, and GPIRS total score r = -.43; Chapman et al, 2010). In further support, other researchers have found a link between ineffective leader behaviors and poor cohesion and outcomes.…”

“…The first set of hypotheses related to leader contributions was that changes in cohesion across time could be predicted by the presence and quality of leader behaviors. Specifically, three broad domains of leader interventions with support in the literature (Group structuring, Verbal Interaction, and Emotional Climate; Burlingame et al, 2002;Chapman et al, 2010) were predicted to differentially relate to cohesion across the lifespan of a group. Overall, the frequency and quality of all three types of interventions were hypothesized to positively relate to the development of cohesion across time.…”

“…The GPIRS is scored on the basis of observable leader behaviors by independent raters (see Training Research Assistants section below). Concurrent validity evidence for the updated GPIRS comes from its correlations with Hill's (1971) Hill Interaction Matrix (HIM; r = .69) and the Group Climate Questionnaire Engaged subscale (r =.40, Chapman et al, 2010). The GPIRS Group Structuring domain has a reported internal consistency score of α = .75, the Verbal Interaction domain an internal reliability of α = .89, and the Emotional Climate domain an internal reliability of α = .81.…”

“…It includes the elements of drawing out hesitant members, modeling appropriate group behaviors, linking members with one another, processing emotional exchanges, providing interpretations of events, disclosing personal information, and providing feedback (Morran, Stockton, & Whittingham, 2004). Chapman, Baker, Porter, Thayer, and Burlingame (2010) have set out a different categorical approach to leader behaviors, outlining three domains of effective leader interventions in the development of the Group Psychotherapy Intervention Rating Scale (GPIRS). These three broad domains included 1) Group Structuring, 2) Verbal Interaction, and 3) Creating and Maintaining an Emotional Climate.…”

“…The Group Psychotherapy Intervention Rating Scale (GPIRS; Chapman, Baker, Porter, Thayer, & Burlingame, 2010) was used as an inventory of leader behaviors. The GPIRS involves rating each counseling session according to three domains; group structuring, verbal interactions, and creating and maintaining an emotional climate.…”