Rathayibacter caricis sp. nov. and Rathayibacter festucae sp. nov., isolated from the phyllosphere of Carex sp. and the leaf gall induced by the nematode Anguina graminis on Festuca rubra L., respectively.

Supplemental description of <i>Paraphelenchus acontioides</i> (Tylenchida&#x3A; Aphelenchidae, Paraphelenchinae), with ribosomal DNA trees and a morphometric compendium of female <i>Paraphelenchus</i>

“…The only demonstrated nematode vector of a fungal pathogen is that of the seed-gall nematode Anguina tritici, which was reported to vector spores of the fungus Dilophosphora alopecuri to cereals (Atanasoff, 1925). It is more common for migratory endoparasitic nematodes within Pratylenchidae, Anguinidae and Aphelenchoididae to vector bacteria (Moens & Perry, 2009), such as Anguina tritici carrying Rathayibacter (= Clavibacter) toxicus (Riley & Ophel) Sasaki, Chi-jimatsu & Suzuki to wheat (Riley, 1992), and other nematode-bacteria combinations (Dorofeeva et al, 2002). However, most nematode-microbial associations involve wounding or host predisposition rather than a strict vector relationship (Powell, 1963).…”

Analysis of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzyme activity within the Tipula abdominalis (Diptera: Tipulidae) larval gut and characterization of Crocebacterium ilecola gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the Tipula abdominalis larval hindgut

“…Many members of the Microbacteriaceae family are associated with plants (Behrendt et al, 2002;Dorofeeva et al, 2002Dorofeeva et al, , 2003Evtushenko et al, 2000Evtushenko et al, , 2001Evtushenko et al, , 2002Sasaki et al, 1998). The source of inoculum for the T. abdominalis hindgut is believed to be ingested leaf detritus (Klug & Kotarski, 1980;Lawson et al, 1984); therefore it is not surprising to find members of the Microbacteriaceae family within this gut system.…”

Cooperation of plants and microorganisms: Getting closer to the genetic construction of sustainable agro‐systems

“…As one can conclude from the data on Clavicipitaceae fungi, the analyses of defensive symbioses are required not only to organize the biocontrol of pests but also to avoid the plant toxicity for domestic animals and for humans. The importance of the latter approach is illustrated by plant infections by the Gram-positive coryneform bacterium Clavibacter toxicus, which is found in a broad spectrum of crops including grain, fodder and vegetables [95]. In natural communities, this endophyte is disseminated mainly via the nematodes Anguina spp.…”