Rates of Maternal and Perinatal Mortality and Vertical Transmission in Pregnancies Complicated by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Co-V-2) Infection

Abstract

Chapter 1 Core principles and methods for conducting a systematic review of health interventions Chapter 2 Systematic reviews of clinical tests Chapter 3 Systematic reviews of public health interventions Chapter 4 Systematic reviews of adverse effects Chapter 5 Systematic reviews of economic evaluations Chapter 6 Incorporating qualitative evidence in or alongside effectiveness reviews APPENDICES: Appendix 1 Other review approaches Appendix 2 Example search strategy to identify studies from electronic databases Appendix 3 Documenting the search process Appendix 4 Searching for adverse effects Abbreviations Glossary Index Core principles and methods for conducting a systematic review of health interventions Objective 1: What are the effects of fl uoridation of drinking water supplies on the incidence of caries? Objective 2: If water fl uoridation is shown to have benefi cial effects, what is the effect over and above that offered by the use of alternative interventions and strategies? Objective 3: Does water fl uoridation result in a reduction of caries across social groups and between geographical locations, bringing equity? Objective 4: Does water fl uoridation have negative effects? Objective 5: Are there differences in the effects of natural and artifi cial water fl uoridation?Where there are several objectives it may be necessary to prioritise by importance and likelihood of being able to answer the question. It may even be necessary to restrict the scope of the question to a level that is manageable within set resources. For clarity, the singular term 'review question' is used throughout the guidance. Box 1.2: Example review objective and PICOS elements for a review protocol Review objectiveThe objective of this review is to assess the clinical effectiveness of treatments for childhood retinoblastoma. 14 ParticipantsStudies of participants diagnosed with retinoblastoma at the age of 18 years or under.Studies of adults where childhood retinoblastoma was followed up into adulthood.Studies of mixed diagnoses if outcomes were reported separately for children with retinoblastoma. InterventionsAny intervention or combination of interventions given for the treatment of retinoblastoma, including (but not restricted to) enucleation, external beam radiotherapy, chemotherapy, brachytherapy, cryotherapy, thermotherapy and photocoagulation. OutcomesAny clinical outcome, including (but not restricted to) survival, progression-free survival, tumour response, preservation of the eye, visual acuity, disease remission and adverse effects. Study designRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled trials. However, it is not anticipated that many studies of these designs will be available. Therefore, if information from controlled trials is not available, cohort studies are eligible for inclusion provided that data from a comparison group are reported.Case series and case reports are excluded from the review owing to the high potential for bias in these study designs. Case-control studies (except where nested as part of a co...

A pandemic center’s experience of managing pregnant women with COVID‐19 infection in Turkey: A prospective cohort study

“…Increased rates of preterm delivery, fetal compromise, and cesarean section have been reported in pregnancies complicated by COVID-19. 1,2,6,7 Complications in pregnancy were observed in approximately one-quarter of cases in the present study, consistent with the literature. 1,2,6,7 Some publications claimed that blood group A was associated with a higher risk of acquiring COVID-19 and blood group O was associated with a lower risk of infection.…”

“…1,2,6,7 Complications in pregnancy were observed in approximately one-quarter of cases in the present study, consistent with the literature. 1,2,6,7 Some publications claimed that blood group A was associated with a higher risk of acquiring COVID-19 and blood group O was associated with a lower risk of infection. 30,31 Although it was also found that blood group A was more common in positive cases, there was no case with an AB group unlike in the previous studies.…”

“…2,6,7,[16][17][18] Although the course of the disease was found to be similar to non-pregnant women in most publications, severe complications such as prolonged ventilator support, need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, cardiovascular events, and multi-organ failure were also reported. 2,6,7,[16][17][18] Fortunately, no maternal death or serious morbidity was observed in the present study. No cases were admitted to the ICU and only nasal oxygen therapy was necessitated in a small number of patients.…”

Routine screening for SARS CoV-2 in unselected pregnant women at delivery

“…It has been proposed that pregnant women should be considered a high-risk population, since gestation itself could be related with several pregnancy-related complications, higher susceptibility to respiratory pathogens and also can generate problems in terms of the spread of the infection due to the multiple interactions with the health-care system [2]. While initial evidence suggests that pregnant women were not at increased risk for COVID-19, neither developed a more severe disease compared to non-pregnant adults [3,4], recent reports suggest increased rates of preterm birth [5], pneumonia and intensive care unit admission [6], and maternal mortality [6,7].…”

Attitude and perceptions towards COVID-19 among pregnant women in Singapore: A cross-sectional survey

“…Although direct evidence of viral positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were mostly negative in large majority of reported studies, the paucity of published data is limited with small cohort numbers , limited sensitivity and speci city of swab tests and rapid evolution of COVID-19 infection. [33][34][35][36]. Hence, more data is needed about the risk of vertical transmission before de nitive conclusions can be made.…”