Rates of ion generation in flames

Boothman, D.; Lawton, J.; Melinek, S.J.; Weinberg, F.J.

doi:10.1016/s0082-0784(69)80475-3

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…An analog to this behavior can be found in the arc discharge literature. Ion current at saturation scales with carbon flux [3] even with small levels of dilution ( Fig. 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Chemi-ions do not participate in major chemical heat release pathways, thus explaining the gap in kinetics data for many of these reactions; however, through experiment, concentrations between 10 9 and 10 10 ions per cm 3 have been measured for stoichiometric premixed flames [1]. Although, charged species account for a small fraction of all molecules in a hydrocarbon flame, an electric field and the resulting current of ions and electrons can indicate the presence of a flame [2]; can identify the fuel, the flame structure, and the flow rate [3]; and will often signal the onset of flame instability. With respect to actuation, sufficiently strong fields influence flame shape [4,5] and stability [6]; affect soot formation [7][8][9]; alter burning velocities [10]; force extinction [11]; and produce body forces similar to buoyancy [4,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detailed characterization of DC electric field effects on small non-premixed flames

Karnani

Dunn‐Rankin

2015

Combustion and Flame

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“…An analog to this behavior can be found in the arc discharge literature. Ion current at saturation scales with carbon flux [3] even with small levels of dilution ( Fig. 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed characterization of DC electric field effects on small non-premixed flames

Karnani

Dunn‐Rankin

2015

Combustion and Flame

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“…Regarding ion currents at saturation, Boothman et al 9 . were the first to quantify the saturation ion current relationship between fuel types in non‐premixed flames.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canceling Buoyancy of Gaseous Fuel Flames in a Gravitational Environment Using an Ion‐Driven Wind

Papac¹,

Dunn‐Rankin²

2006

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Electric fields applied to combustion plasmas can be used to manipulate the thermofluid flow field to reduce buoyant forces and, hence, convection in locations near and within the flame. The resulting flow field is similar to that which is obtained in microgravity. Previous work has shown that buoyancy is modified in a non-premixed methane-air capillary flame when it burns in a capillary-to-plane configuration and an electric field is applied, and that regions of neutral or microbuoyancy exist, as indicated by the examined temperature and oxidizer profiles. The aim of this article is to examine in more detail this microbuoyancy condition and the coupling between the ion wind and resulting thermofluid flow field. To this end, the voltage-current characteristics (VCC) of CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, and C3H8 are measured and compared. Soot generated in the C2H(X) and propane flames lead to a hysteresis in the VCC curve whereby increased sooting leads to lower ion currents at constant flow rates and applied potentials. Buoyancy regimes for these flames in this configuration are determined. Methane can achieve the highest flow rate without sooting at the microbuoyant condition, and does not exhibit hysteresis in the VCC for the flow rates examined here. Furthermore, in this geometry, the microbuoyant condition for methane is found to coincide with ion current saturation when the capillary-to-plane distance is varied. These results allow for several simplifications to be made when modeling the flame at these conditions: the imposition of a spherical flame boundary with known ion current, and negligible recombination in the domain.

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“…Although the experimental data show little deviation with a negative DC, there is no significant difference in the current behaviors among tested fuels as a whole. It should be noted that there should be small effects due to fuel dependent ion-chemistry, because it has been well understood that the ion production reasonably scales with total carbon influx [38]. The fuels were used at different levels of dilution showing similar carbon flux for each fuel, which could mitigate any fuel effect on the ion production.…”

Section: Model Validation With Counterflow Diffusion Flamesmentioning

confidence: 99%

DC field response of one-dimensional flames using an ionized layer model

Xiong

Park

Lee

et al. 2016

Combustion and Flame

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Abstract:We develop a simplified model to better explain electric current response when direct current (DC) is applied to a flame. In particular, different current responses have been observed by changing the polarity of the DC in a sub-saturated current regime that results from the presence of ions and electrons in the flame zone. A flame zone was modeled as a thin, ionized layer located in one-dimensional DC electric fields. We derived simplified model-governing equations from species equations by implementing mobility differences dependent on the type of charged particle, particularly between ions and electrons; we performed experiments to substantiate the model. Results showed that the sub-saturated current and local field intensity were significantly influenced by the polarity of the DC because of the combined effect of unequal mobility of charged particles and the position of the ionized layer in the gap relative to two electrodes. When an energized electrode is close to the ionized layer, applying a negative DC causes a more rapid increase in current than by applying a positive DC to the same electrode.Results from our experimental measurement of current using counterflow diffusion flames agreed qualitatively well with the model predictions. A sensitivity analysis using dimensional and non-dimensional parameters also supported the importance of the mobility difference and the relative location of the ionized layer on the electric current response.

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Rates of ion generation in flames

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Detailed characterization of DC electric field effects on small non-premixed flames

Detailed characterization of DC electric field effects on small non-premixed flames

Canceling Buoyancy of Gaseous Fuel Flames in a Gravitational Environment Using an Ion‐Driven Wind

DC field response of one-dimensional flames using an ionized layer model

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