Rates of Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thinning in Normal, Open-Angle Glaucoma and Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma Eyes: A Trend-Based Analysis

Lee, Won June; Baek, Sung Uk; Kim, Young Kook; Park, Ki Ho; Jeoung, Jin Wook

doi:10.1167/iovs.18-25296

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…These values were then compared with those for abnormal conditions, particularly glaucoma, and the rate of reduction in glaucoma patients was found to be significantly higher than that in normal subjects. There was also a difference in the rate according to glaucoma status, which was reported to be in the range of approximately −0.5 ~ −1.0 μm/year [38][39][40][41] , and Lee et al 42 reported a rate of −1.46 μm/year in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. The rate of GC-IPL loss in the control group in the present study (−0.277 µm/year) was consistent with the above studies, and the reduction rates in the no-DR and NPDR groups (−0.627 µm/year and −0.987 µm/year, respectively) were similar to those of glaucoma patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ganglion Cell – Inner Plexiform Layer Damage in Diabetic Patients: 3-Year Prospective, Longitudinal, Observational Study

Lim

Shin

Lee

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Diabetes is expected to accelerate age-related ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) loss, but there is limited information on the rate of reduction in GC-IPL thicknesses. We aimed to evaluate the reduction rate of GC-IPL thickness in diabetic patients, and to compare the rates between patients without and with diabetic retinopathy (DR). We included 112 eyes of 112 patients with diabetes [49 eyes without DR (no-DR group) and 63 eyes with mild to moderate non-proliferative DR (NPDR group)] and 63 eyes of 63 normal controls (control group) in this study. Macular GC-IPL thickness in all participants was measured for 3 years at 1-year intervals. The reduction rates of GC-IPL thickness were determined by linear mixed models and compared among the three groups. The estimated reduction rates of the average GC-IPL thickness in the no-DR (−0.627 μm/year) and NPDR (−0.987 μm/year) groups were 2.26-fold (p = 0.010) and 3.56-fold (p = 0.001) faster, respectively, than the control group (−0.277 μm/year). Age, duration of diabetes, and baseline average GC-IPL thickness were associated with longitudinal changes in average GC-IPL thickness. The GC-IPL reduction rate was significantly faster in diabetic patients, with and without DR. Physicians should therefore be aware that GC-IPL damage continues even if there is no DR. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common complication of diabetes, is the leading cause of preventable visual impairment 1,2. In general, DR is clinically defined based on the observation of abnormal fundus vascular lesions, such as microaneurysms, hemorrhages, hard exudates, and cotton wool spots. However, experimental and clinical studies have shown that neurodegenerative changes, including loss of ganglion cells and glial reactivity, are also early events in the pathogenesis of DR 3-5. The loss of ganglion cells affects retinal ganglion cell layer and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and reduced thickness of these layers has been detected in clinical and animal studies 3,6-8. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a reliable method for quantitative structural evaluation of inner retinal layers, including of the thickness of the peripapillary RNFL (pRNFL) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL), where such parameters could be useful for evaluating various conditions, such as retinal neuro-ophthalmic disease and glaucoma 9-11. Progressive changes in GC-IPL thickness can be identified by serial analysis of OCT measurements, and this trend-based analysis could be useful to understand the pathogenesis of certain conditions. Although microvascular abnormalities represent the classic hallmarks of DR, recent studies have reported that diabetic retinal neurodegeneration (DRN) occurs in patients without DR and DRN, which antecedes DR 12-15. The presence of age-related loss of retinal ganglion cells has been demonstrated histologically, and a progressive reduction in GC-IPL thickness, as measured by OCT, has also been reported 16. Abnormal systemic and eye conditions may accelerate th...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ganglion Cell – Inner Plexiform Layer Damage in Diabetic Patients: 3-Year Prospective, Longitudinal, Observational Study

Lim

Shin

Lee

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Shin et al 27 found that the rate of change in mean pRNFL thickness was − 1.26 μm/ year in patients with progressing glaucoma. Another study reported that the average RNFL thinning rate was − 1.31 μm/year in patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma 28 . Lee et al 25 reported that the reduction rate in the mean pRNFL thickness of the hypertension group was − 0.99 μm/year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of prolonged type 2 diabetes on changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in diabetic eyes without clinical diabetic retinopathy

Lee

Lim

Kim

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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To identify the effects of prolonged type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness in patients without clinical diabetic retinopathy. Subjects were divided into two groups: controls and patients with T2DM (DM group). After the initial visits, the pRNFL thicknesses were measured three more times at 1-year intervals. Subgroup analyses were performed in patients with T2DM duration ≥ 10 years. The mean pRNFL thickness at each visit was 95.8 ± 8.1, 95.4 ± 8.3, 94.9 ± 8.1, and 94.5 ± 8.3 μm in the control group (P = 0.138) (n = 55); and 93.4 ± 9.1, 92.1 ± 9.3, 90.9 ± 9.3, and 89.5 ± 9.2 μm in the DM group (P < 0.001) (n = 85). The estimated rate of reduction in mean pRNFL thickness was − 0.45 μm/year in the control group and − 1.34 μm/year in the DM group, respectively. In the DM group, the BCVA and HbA1c (both P = 0.001) were significant factors associated with pRNFL reduction. In patients with T2DM duration ≥ 10 years, the estimated pRNFL reduction rate was − 1.61 μm/year, and hypertension was a significant factor affecting the pRNFL reduction (P = 0.046). We confirmed rapid pRNFL reduction over time in T2DM, and the reduction rate was higher in patients with T2DM ≥ 10 years. Additionally, BCVA and HbA1c levels were significantly associated with the change in pRNFL thickness in T2DM patients.

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“…Rates of GCIPL thinning (Cirrus HD-OCT) have been reported between −0.28 to −0.92 μm/year when all levels of glaucoma damage are considered. 128,228,230,353 Lee et al investigated rates of GCIPL thinning after an average follow-up of 3 years; the mean rates of change were −0.31 μm/year in normal eyes, −0.49 μm/year in POAG eyes and −1.46 μm/year in eyes with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. 228 Suda et al reported an average rate of change of −0.47 μm/year for GCC as measured with RTVue OCT in a longitudinal cohort of glaucoma patients with disease severity ranging from mild to severe (see below).…”

Section: Iv) Performance Of Macular Oct Imaging For Detecting Glaucoma Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…128,228,230,353 Lee et al investigated rates of GCIPL thinning after an average follow-up of 3 years; the mean rates of change were −0.31 μm/year in normal eyes, −0.49 μm/year in POAG eyes and −1.46 μm/year in eyes with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. 228 Suda et al reported an average rate of change of −0.47 μm/year for GCC as measured with RTVue OCT in a longitudinal cohort of glaucoma patients with disease severity ranging from mild to severe (see below). 364 Mohammadzadeh and coworkers 269 investigated longitudinal rates of change for FMT, GCC, GCIPL and GCL in a cohort of glaucoma eyes with central or advanced damage at baseline.…”

Section: Iv) Performance Of Macular Oct Imaging For Detecting Glaucoma Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macular imaging with optical coherence tomography in glaucoma

Mohammadzadeh

Fatehi

Yarmohammadi

et al. 2020

Survey of Ophthalmology

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Rates of Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thinning in Normal, Open-Angle Glaucoma and Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma Eyes: A Trend-Based Analysis

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

Ganglion Cell – Inner Plexiform Layer Damage in Diabetic Patients: 3-Year Prospective, Longitudinal, Observational Study

Ganglion Cell – Inner Plexiform Layer Damage in Diabetic Patients: 3-Year Prospective, Longitudinal, Observational Study

Effects of prolonged type 2 diabetes on changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in diabetic eyes without clinical diabetic retinopathy

Macular imaging with optical coherence tomography in glaucoma

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