Rates of Accumulation of Ferro-manganese Nodules

Barnes, Steven S.; Dymond, Jack

doi:10.1038/2131218a0

Cited by 70 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The above value of accumulation rate by the present authors is in good agreement with those given in the previous studies (BENDER et al, 1966;BROECKER, 1967, 1969;BARNES and DYMOND, 1967;SOMAYAJULU, 1967;BHAT et al, 1970).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

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Chemical Composition and the Rate of Accumulation of Ferromanganese Nodules in the Western North Pacific

Sugimura¹,

Miyake²,

Yanagawa

1975

Pap.Met.Geophy

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The major and some of the minor constituents and the rate of accumulation of manganese nodules in the western North Pacific were determined. Manganese concentration in the nodules ranged from 20 to 30 per cent in the acid soluble fraction.As to the rare earth concentration, enrichment of cerium was observed in the manganese nodule as compared with that in shales or sea water. Thorium to uranium ratio in the nodule ranged from 9.4 to 14.3, which was very much higher than that in sea water.From the distribution of excess ionium, excess protactinium and Io/Th ratio, a rate of accumulation of 7mm per million years was obtained with the surface layer of several mm in thickness of the JEDS-4-E4 nodule.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Recently, by means of the radioactivity method of determination of the growth rate of ferromanganese concretions, evidence for the slow growth has been accumulated (GOLDBERG and KOIDE, 1962;BROECKER, 1967, 1969;BARNES and DYMOND, 1967;BENDER et al, 1966BENDER et al, , 1970SOMAYAKLU and GOLDBERG, 1966;BHAT et al, 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition and the Rate of Accumulation of Ferromanganese Nodules in the Western North Pacific

Sugimura¹,

Miyake²,

Yanagawa

1975

Pap.Met.Geophy

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“…Wiistite may be produced in industrial processes, but the manganese nodules studied are believed to be several million years old (10), which precludes the possibility of contamination by industrial particles.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Ocean: A Natural Source of Carbon Monoxide

Swinnerton

Linnenbom

Lamontagne

1970

Science

128

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The surface waters of the western Atlantic are supersaturated with respect to the partial pressure of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere. Under these conditions, the net transport of carbon monoxide across the air-sea interface must be from the sea into the atmosphere. Thus, the ocean appears to act as a source of carbon monoxide. The ocean may be the largest known natural source of this gas, contributing possibly as much as 5 percent of the amount generated by burning of fuels by man.

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“…2). d) Taking into account the rate of nodule growth on both ocean floor (0.5-3.5 mm/lO 6 years: [1]; 9.9-11 mm/lO 6 years: [24]), and nearshore areas [17] and assuming a Mn content in seawater between 0.001 and 0.01 ppm, we calculate that the model proposed here could work both in areas and during periods without any volcanic activity and in the presence of higher amounts of Mn of volcanic origin. The upward synsedimentary migration of manganese, as assumed in this paper, does not exclude late and post depositional mechanism proposed by other investigators who interpret the accumulation towards the surface of the columns as due to the diagenetic migration of mangnese in the interstitial sediment solution [ 18 ] nor partially to biochemical processes [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some experimental data on the precipitation and migration of manganese on the seafloor

Monte

Rabbi

1979

Arch. Met. Geoph. Biokl. A.

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SummaryLaboratory experiments have shown that in particular chemical and physical conditions, manganese separates from a Mn++-enriched solution of seawater in the form of colloidal micelles. These, instead of co-precipitating with the clay matrix, are repelled from it, and accumulate at the sediment solution interface. This may be an explanation of the manganese concentrations observed in nature on the seafloor towards the surface of sediment columns. In some cases, the black magnetic spherules (B. M. S.) might act as aggregation cores for the precipitation of manganes micelles. Zusammenfassung Einige experimenteUe Daten iiber die F~llung und die Verlagerung yon Mangan am MeeresbodenLaboratoriumsexperimente haben gezeigt, da~ sich unter besonderen chemischen und physikalischen Bedingungen Mangan aus einer Mn++-angereicherten L6sung yon Meereswasser in Form yon kolloidalen Micellen absondert. Diese werden, statt zusammen mit dem Lehmmaterial abzuscheiden, davon abgesondert und hiiufen sich in der Sedimentl6sungs-zwischenschicht an. Dies kann eine Erkl~irung sein fiii die in der Natur beobachtete Mangankonzentration am Meeresboden gegen die Oberfliiche yon Sedimentschichten hin. In manchen F~illen k6nnen die schwarzen magnetischen Ktigelchen (B. M. S.) als Anh~iufungs-keme far die F/illung yon Mangan-Micellen wirken.

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Rates of Accumulation of Ferro-manganese Nodules

Cited by 70 publications

References 9 publications

Chemical Composition and the Rate of Accumulation of Ferromanganese Nodules in the Western North Pacific

Chemical Composition and the Rate of Accumulation of Ferromanganese Nodules in the Western North Pacific

The Ocean: A Natural Source of Carbon Monoxide

Some experimental data on the precipitation and migration of manganese on the seafloor

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