Rate of Spread of Citrus Blight Reduced When Sharpshooter Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) Are Controlled

Adlerz, W. C.; Bistline, F. W.; Russo, L. W.; Hopkins, D. L.

doi:10.1093/jee/82.6.1733

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is native to the southeastern United States, where it transmits several strains of the xylem-limited bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al (Davis et al 1978, Adlerz et al 1989. The presence of this insect and its association with the bacterium limit grape and peach production in the southeastern United States (Alderz and Hopkins 1979).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Tracking Within-Field Movements of <I>Homalodisca coagulata</I> (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Estimating Its Densities Using Fluorescent Dusts in Mark–Release–Recapture Experiments

Coviella¹,

Garcia²,

Jeske³

et al. 2006

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A mark-release-recapture technique was developed and tested for use in tracking the field movements of adult glassy-winged sharpshooters, Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), in various agricultural and urban plantings. Greenhouse experiments in which adult H. coagulata were marked with one of five colored fluorescent dusts (Aurora Pink-All, Horizon Blue-A19, Blaze Orange-A15N, Saturn Yellow-A17, and Corona Magenta-A21) and released into cages with citrus seedlings showed that their mortality rates during a 30-d period were statistically similar to that of the undusted controls. Adults marked with a sixth dust color (Signal Green-A18N) suffered higher rates of mortality than did the undusted controls and thus were eliminated from further consideration. Adult H. coagulata marked with one of the five accepted colors of fluorescent dust were able to fly beyond 100 m in a field devoid of vegetation within minutes of their release, and the marking did not affect overall flight behavior significantly compared with that of the undusted controls. However, at wind speeds above 5 m/s, percentage recapture was significantly reduced, which indicates that both dusted and undusted adults were unable to orient their flight. In total, 41,124 marked and unmarked adults were released in the three field experiments in southern California (Riverside and Kern counties) during 2000 and 2001 to evaluate flight dispersal and estimate densities of H. coagulata. The mark-release-recapture and feral data obtained during the June, July, and August 2001 studies, when coupled with the Lincoln index, yielded estimates of adult H. coagulata of 1.2 and 2.2 million per ha, respectively, at a San Joaquin Valley (Kern Co.) and a southern California (Riverside Co.) citrus grove. The use of colored dusts to mark H. coagulata proved to be reliable, cost-effective, and time-efficient for mark-release-recapture studies with this insect within a citrus grove, but they are less likely to be useful for studies of adult H. coagulata movements among plantings.

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confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Tracking Within-Field Movements of <I>Homalodisca coagulata</I> (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Estimating Its Densities Using Fluorescent Dusts in Mark–Release–Recapture Experiments

Coviella¹,

Garcia²,

Jeske³

et al. 2006

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“…Some epidemiological elements have suggested the possible existence of (an) aerial vector(s), in particular the initial random distribution of diseased trees in affected groves (Bar-Joseph, 1999;Derrick and Timmer, 2000) and the observation that the incidence of Blight was reduced by insecticide applications (Adlerz et al, 1989). Some epidemiological elements have suggested the possible existence of (an) aerial vector(s), in particular the initial random distribution of diseased trees in affected groves (Bar-Joseph, 1999;Derrick and Timmer, 2000) and the observation that the incidence of Blight was reduced by insecticide applications (Adlerz et al, 1989).…”

Section: Vectors and Their Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is evidence for field spread of Blight but the mechanism(s) involved remain(s) unknown (see Sections 3.2.3 and 3.4.4). Some epidemiological elements have suggested the possible existence of (an) aerial vector(s), in particular the initial random distribution of diseased trees in affected groves (Bar-Joseph, 1999;Derrick and Timmer, 2000) and the observation that the incidence of Blight was reduced by insecticide applications (Adlerz et al, 1989). However, these informations remain highly circumstantial and the hypothesis of the existence of vector(s) should be considered highly uncertain.…”

Section: Biology Of the Pestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest categorisation of ‘Blight and blight‐like’ diseases of citrus

Jeger¹,

Bragard²,

Caffier³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of 'Blight and blight-like' for the EU territory. Blight is a major disease of citrus. Similar 'blight-like' diseases are also known (e.g. declinio, declinamiento) and are addressed simultaneously with Blight in the present categorisation. The causal agent(s) remain(s) unknown and the potential role of a recently identified citrus endogenous pararetrovirus (Citrus Blight-associated pararetrovirus, CBaPRV) remains to be established. Transmissibility and ability to produce consistent (although poorly specific) symptoms have been demonstrated and a combination of indirect approaches is used, with limits, for diagnosis. There are large uncertainties on the biology of the causal agent(s) and on the epidemiology of the disease, including the transmission mechanism(s) responsible for the observed field spread. Blight has been reported from North, Central and South America, Africa and Oceania but is not known to occur in the EU. It is listed in Annex IIA of Directive 2000/29EC. It has the potential to enter, establish and spread in the EU territory. The main entry pathway (citrus plants for planting) is closed by existing legislation and entry is only possible on minor pathways (such as illegal import). Blight is a severe disease and a negative impact is expected should it be introduced in the EU, but the magnitude of this negative impact is very difficult to estimate. 'Blight and blight like' satisfies all criteria evaluated by EFSA to qualify as a Union quarantine pest. It does not meet the criterion of being present in the EU to qualify as a Union regulated non-quarantine pest (RNQP). Since the identity of the causal agent(s) of the Blight and blight-like disease(s) and the existence and efficiency of natural spread mechanism(s) remain unknown, large uncertainties affect all aspects of the present pest categorisation.

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“…This has been demonstrated repeatedly in Brazil, Florida and South Africa (11,13). Several researchers have suggested that CB is spread by an aerial vector (1) or agents in the soil such as Fusarium solani and nematodes (3). The object of this experiment was to determine whether the incidence of CB in orchards of high disease pressure, could be reduced by supplemental applications of chemicals effective in controlling aerial vectors and soilborne organisms, which are prevalent in South African citrus soils.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Factor Exclusion Experiment Designed to Assist in Elucidating the Etiology of Citrus Blight

Marais¹,

Breytenbach²,

Derrick³

2002

International Organization of Citrus Virologists Conference Proceedings (1957-2010)

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In 1986, 42 Delta Valencia trees on rough lemon rootstocks were planted at random in a 25-yr-old Valencia orchard affected by citrus blight. The trees were planted on sites from which blight affected trees had been removed. Five chemicals were used to treat 24 of the experimental trees. The chemicals used were Temik®, Rugby®, Benlate®, Ridomil® and Azodrin®. The other treatments included trees planted in holes (3 m × 3 m × 1 m deep) filled with virgin soil; trees planted in insect proof cages; and untreated controls. Based on zinc analyses, canopy rating and water uptake, only two trees have been identified with apparent blight. Serological assays conducted in 1997, 1998 and 2001 were, however, negative for all trees. There appears to be no relationship between the type of treatment and incidence of blight. The low incidence of blight may be as a result of the physiological changes brought about by severe pruning of the scions and root systems following relocation, owing to a severe drought.

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Rate of Spread of Citrus Blight Reduced When Sharpshooter Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) Are Controlled

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Feasibility of Tracking Within-Field Movements of <I>Homalodisca coagulata</I> (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Estimating Its Densities Using Fluorescent Dusts in Mark–Release–Recapture Experiments

Feasibility of Tracking Within-Field Movements of <I>Homalodisca coagulata</I> (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Estimating Its Densities Using Fluorescent Dusts in Mark–Release–Recapture Experiments

Pest categorisation of ‘Blight and blight‐like’ diseases of citrus

Evaluation of a Factor Exclusion Experiment Designed to Assist in Elucidating the Etiology of Citrus Blight

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