Rate of shrinkage of tendon collagen: Heat, entropy, and free energy of activation of the shrinkage of untreated tendon; effect of acid, salt, pickle, and tannage on the activation of tendon collagen

Weir, C. E.

doi:10.6028/jres.042.002

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Shrinkage has long been used as a measure of heating-induced damage to collagen and collagenous tissues (5,10,12); other metrics include changes in enthalpy (13) and loss of birefringence (14). For collagen in solution, changes in viscosity have also been correlated with the degree of denaturation (15,16).…”

Section: Empirical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Soft collagenous tissues consist primarily of water, which plays a significant role in governing their gross properties [e.g., see (8,9)]. Weir (10), for example, demonstrated that the rate of shrinkage, and hence denaturation, increases with increased hydration at a given temperature. The level of hydration may vary, in turn, due to heating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Denaturation of Collagen Via Heating: An Irreversible Rate Process

Wright

Humphrey

2002

Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng.

221

165

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Heating therapies are increasingly used in cardiology, dermatology, gynecology, neurosurgery, oncology, ophthalmology, orthopedics, and urology, among other medical specialties. This widespread use of heating is driven primarily by the availability of new technology, not by a detailed understanding of the biothermomechanics. Without basic quantification of the underlying physical and chemical processes in terms of parameters that can be controlled clinically, identification of preferred interventions will continue to be based primarily on trial and error, thus necessitating large clinical studies and years of accumulative experience. Perusal of the literature reveals that much has been learned over the past century about the response of cells, proteins, and tissues to supra-physiologic temperatures; yet, the associated findings are reported in diverse journals and the underlying basic processes remain unidentified. In this review, we seek to contrast various findings on the kinetics of the thermal denaturation of collagen and to encourage investigators to consider the many open problems in part via a synthesis of results from the diverse literatures.

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Section: Empirical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Denaturation of Collagen Via Heating: An Irreversible Rate Process

Wright

Humphrey

2002

Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng.

221

165

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“…This is consistent with previous report that there is a ultimate length of collagen shrinkage even if the tissue is heated at different temperatures. 15 In conclusion, shrinkage of thermally treated rat tail tendon at 58 o C shows a linear correlation with the decrease of SHG intensity. Our results show that SHG imaging is an effective method in predicting the shrinkage of thermally treated collagen and in monitoring the mechanisms of collagen denaturation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…15 In terms of thermal treatment in clinical application, it is quite possible that the response of collagen to heating can be affected by the age, anatomical distribution and other associated diseases in the patients. This may accounts for the different responses of patients to the same heating protocol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,13 It has been shown that collagen denatures under thermal treatment and the denaturation is accompanied by a gross shrinkage. [14][15][16][17] With the advent of imaging technology such as reflectance confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography, non-invasive tissue imaging with enhanced resolution in the clinical setting has become possible. [18][19][20] Recently, the non-linear optical effect of second harmonic generation (SHG) has been extensively used in biomedical imaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring of collagen shrinkage by use of second harmonic generation microscopy

Lin

Chen

et al. 2006

Optical Interactions With Tissue and Cells XVII

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Thermal treatment induced collagen shrinkage has a great number of applications in medical practice. Clinically, the there is lack of reliable non-invasive methods to quantify the shrinkage. Overt treatment by heat application can lead to devastating results. We investigate the serial changes of collagen shrinkage by thermal treatment of rat tail tendons. The change in length is correlated with the finding in second harmonic generation microscopy and histology. Rat tail tendon shortens progressively during initial thermal treatment. After a certain point in time, the length then remains almost constant despite further thermal treatment. The intensity of second harmonic generation signals also progressively decreases initially and then remains merely detectable upon further thermal treatment. It prompts us to develop a mathematic model to quantify the dependence of collagen shrinkage on changes of SHG intensity.Our results show that SHG intensity can be used to predict the degree of collagen shrinkage during thermal treatment for biomedical applications.

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Interaction between proteins and salt solutions. III. Effect of salt type and concentration on the shrinkage temperature

Ciferri¹,

Rajagh²,

Puett³

1965

Biopolymers

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SynopsisThe effect of salt type and concentration on the t,ransformation of an oriented crystalline collagen tendon into a crosslinked network under conditions of equilibrium swelling was investigated. Our main observations are the following. The degree of swelling of crystalline tendons increases a t low salt concentration C,, and decreases a t higher Cs for a wide variety of salts. The observation is not reconcilable with swelling taking place in interfibrillar spaces or structural voids. Within the tropocollagen units and at their ends, regions of reduced organization are postulated (as suggested by Bear and by Schmitt) which are able to interact with the diluent in the amorphous-like manner. At least four different factors should be considered in assessing the role of salt and salt concentration on the shrinkage temperature T, under isoelectric conditions. They are:( 1 ) specific effects, ( 2 ) diluent effects, ( 3 ) crosslinking effects, and ( 4 ) nonequilibrium effects. The diluent effects are correlated with the salting-in-salting-out power of the ions which was characterized in Part I of this series. Smaller amounts of diluents are generally available to the tendon when the salt has a higher salting-out power, and this corresponds to higher shrinkage temperatures, other conditions being the same. The crosslinking effect raises T, due to a reduction of the diluent content and, probably for p-benzoquinone and formaldehyde, also to a reduction of the conformational entropy in the molten state. Noneqiiilibrium effects arise from the fact that shrinkage and recrystallization are kinetically hindered when the tendon is highly deswollen in strong salting-out solutions, or when the salt has a crosslinking power. The specific effect is the only effect which is not related to the amount of dihient present in the tendon. Its origin is less clear. For anions such as C1-and SCN-, it is possibly related to an ability of the ion to prevent intersegmental hydrogen bonding and water carbonyl bridges. The competition of several of the above eflects for a given salt soliition makes possible various types of dependence of T, upon Cs: T8 may either continuously decrease or continuously increase with increasing C,, or it may go through a minimum. I n absence of salt,, the cooperative character of the transition at the pH a t which maximum swelling occurs appears extremely reduced. The large swelling maintains the tendon in the elongated state and this simulates a continiioiis decrease of T, on lowering pH. In presence of small quantities of salt, which reduce swelling, the transition is sharp and T, is decreased with pH up to pH 2, when maximum swelling occurs, and then reincreases on further lowering of the pH. The dependence of T, upon Cs is more complex than under isoelectric conditions. There is generally an increase of T, with C, which is equivalent to an increase of the denaturation temperature with C. for helical polyelectrolytes in solution. At higher salt concentrations, however, T. may decrease again, and possibly in...

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Rate of shrinkage of tendon collagen: Heat, entropy, and free energy of activation of the shrinkage of untreated tendon; effect of acid, salt, pickle, and tannage on the activation of tendon collagen

Cited by 40 publications

References 8 publications

Denaturation of Collagen Via Heating: An Irreversible Rate Process

Denaturation of Collagen Via Heating: An Irreversible Rate Process

Monitoring of collagen shrinkage by use of second harmonic generation microscopy

Interaction between proteins and salt solutions. III. Effect of salt type and concentration on the shrinkage temperature

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