Rate of Passage of Digesta in Ruminants; Are Goats Different?

Moyo, Mehluli; Nsahlai, I. V.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.69745

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(229 reference statements)

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“…We predicted the without delay liveweight based on herbage availability, season and time off herbage with the supplied data on the levels of accuracy the equations have compared to not using the equation. The current study supports the hypothesis that the quantity of herbage offered [14], physiological state of an ewe [10], as well as environmental factors (such as farm and grazing location) [2,7,8] impact liveweight variation. These factors may interact, which causes the differences between ewes from different farming/grazing locations, physiological state and feeding levels.…”

Section: Validation Stagesupporting

confidence: 86%

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The Effect of Herbage Availability, Pregnancy Stage and Rank on the Rate of Liveweight Loss during Fasting in Ewes

et al. 2021

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Sheep liveweight and liveweight change are vital tools both for commercial and research farm management. However, they can be unreliable when collection procedures are not standardized or when there are varying time delays between sheep removal from grazing and weighing. This study had two stages with different objectives: (1) A liveweight loss study to determine the effect of herbage availability (Low and High) on the rate of liveweight loss of ewes at different pregnancy stages (approximately 100 days of pregnancy: P100 and 130 days: P130) and ranks (single and twin); (2) A follow-up liveweight loss study to develop and validate correction equations for delayed liveweights by applying them to data sets collected under commercial conditions. Results from each stage showed that the rate of liveweight loss varied by herbage availability and stage of pregnancy (p < 0.05) but not pregnancy-rank (p > 0.05). Further, the rate of liveweight loss differed by farm (p < 0.05). Applying liveweight correction equations increased the accuracy of without delay liveweight estimates in P100 ewes by 56% and 45% for single-bearing and twin-bearing ewes, respectively, when offered the Low-level diet. In ewes offered the High-level diet, accuracies of without delay liveweight estimates were increased by 53% and 67% for single-bearing and twin-bearing ewes, respectively. Among P130 ewes, accuracy was increased by 43% and 37% for single-bearing and twin-bearing ewes, respectively, when offered the Low herbage level and by 60% and 50% for single-bearing and twin-bearing ewes, respectively, when offered the High herbage level. In conclusion, a short-term delay of up to 8 hours prior to weighing, which is commonly associated with practical handling operations, significantly reduced the liveweight recorded for individual sheep. Using delayed liveweights on commercial farms and in research can have consequences for management practices and research results; thus, liveweight data should be collected without delay. However, when this is not feasible, delayed ewe liveweights should be corrected and, in the absence of locally devised correction equations, the ones generated in the current study could be applied on farms with similar management conditions and herbage type.

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Section: Validation Stagesupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Dry matter and fiber increase with herbage density [31]. Higher levels of fiber increase water holding capacity of the gut and thus the rumen clearance [8]. Therefore, it is not surprising that Low herbage had greater DM% and fiber and, thus, the lower rate of ewe liveweight loss.…”

Section: Calibration Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Herbage Availability, Pregnancy Stage and Rank on the Rate of Liveweight Loss during Fasting in Ewes

et al. 2021

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“…Kennedy et al [ 14 ] reported a decrease in digestibility of organic matter in the rumen (F) with exposure of sheep to AT of −1 to 1 °C and 18 to 21 °C, and was highly correlated to solid digesta passage rate (kp) in the rumen (F = 14.57 kp + 239; R 2 = 0.90, SE = 32.6). Effects of AT on digesta passage rates are equivocal [ 33 ]. Low AT (−1 to 1 °C) caused faster liquid and solid digesta passage rates in sheep compared to high AT (18–21 °C) [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], but did not have an effect on digesta passage rates [ 32 ], while high AT (41 °C) caused faster liquid passage rates compared to low AT (26 °C) in swamp buffalo [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of Increases in Ambient Temperature and Effect of Climate Type on Digestibility of Forages by Ruminants: A Meta-Analysis in Relation to Global Warming

Moyo¹,

Nsahlai²

2021

Animals

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This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of ruminant feeding type, ambient temperature (AT), and climatic region on the rumen digestibility of feeds. A dataset on nylon bag degradability parameters bearing the chemical composition of roughages, grains, leaves, stems, fruits, concentrates and diets given to animals, climate type, and AT were compiled. Data were analysed using mixed model regression and simple linear regression methodologies. Negative correlations between AT and degradability parameters were observed. Potential degradability (PD) and slowly degradable fraction (‘b’) were higher for concentrates and mixed diets compared to roughages. Intermediate feeders had slower rates of degradation (‘c’) compared to grazers. Potential degradability was highest for studies carried out in cold and temperate climates compared to tropical and arid climates. A 1 °C increase in AT decreased PD by 0.39% (roughages), 0.76% (concentrates), and 2.41% (mixed diets), with an overall decrease of 0.55% for all feed types. The “b” fraction decreased by 0.1% (roughages), 1.1% (concentrates), 2.27% (mixed diets), and 0.35% (all feed types) for every 1 °C increase in AT. Increasing AT by 1 °C increased the neutral detergent fibre content of feeds by 0.4%. In conclusion, increases in AT increased the neutral detergent fibre content of feeds, lowering PD, “b”, and “c” of dry matter in the rumen.

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“…Analysing the factors that interfere with digestibility, it is observed that, with the use of cactus pear caused a change in the composition of the diet, mainly regarding the proportions of NFC, NDF and CP. The increase in CP content due to the increase of maniçoba in the diets improved the development of ruminal flora and the fermentation process, which can be attributed to the increase in the rate of passage of nitrogenous material to the small intestine (Moyo and Nsahlai, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermentation profile and nutritional quality of silages composed of cactus pear and maniçoba for goat feeding

et al. 2020

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This study aimed to evaluate the fermentation profile and nutritional quality of silages composed of cactus pear and maniçoba. Two experiments were performed: the first evaluated the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and determined the organic acids in cactus pear silages with the inclusion of five levels of maniçoba (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) in six opening times (1, 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days). The second experiment determined the nutrient intake, digestibility, water balance and nitrogen balance in Canindé goats fed diets based on cactus pear silage with the inclusion of four levels of maniçoba (25, 50, 75 and 100%), with six animals per treatment. The increase in maniçoba levels in cactus pear silage provided a linear increase in the butyric acid, dry matter (DM), ether extract, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, water intake via drinking fountain and metabolic water, and reduced the pH, lactic acid, acetic acid, mineral matter, total carbohydrates, non-fibrous carbohydrates, water intake via food, total water intake, water excreted in the faeces, water excreted in the urine, total water excretion and water balance. Quadratic behaviour was observed for N-NH3, DM recovery and propionic acid, with an increase in maniçoba levels in cactus pear silages. Regarding the different opening times, there was a significant effect in pH, N-NH3, acetic acid, lactic acid and butyric acid (P < 0.050). The inclusion of maniçoba in cactus pear silage improved the fermentation characteristics and nutritional quality to be used in diets for goats.

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Rate of Passage of Digesta in Ruminants; Are Goats Different?

Cited by 18 publications

References 119 publications

The Effect of Herbage Availability, Pregnancy Stage and Rank on the Rate of Liveweight Loss during Fasting in Ewes

The Effect of Herbage Availability, Pregnancy Stage and Rank on the Rate of Liveweight Loss during Fasting in Ewes

Consequences of Increases in Ambient Temperature and Effect of Climate Type on Digestibility of Forages by Ruminants: A Meta-Analysis in Relation to Global Warming

Fermentation profile and nutritional quality of silages composed of cactus pear and maniçoba for goat feeding

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