Rate of forgetting in amnesia: I. Recall and recognition of prose.

Isaac, Claire L.; Mayes, Andrew R.

doi:10.1037/0278-7393.25.4.942

Cited by 54 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…The evidence arising from the present study that amnesics are more susceptible to part-list cuing than healthy subjects is not in conflict with previous results in which it was found that amnesics show normal retroactive and proactive interference (Isaac & Mayes, 1999a;Warrington & Weiskrantz, 1978). Rather, it is consistent with the view that interference and part-list cuing are mediated by different mechanisms (Anderson et al, 2000;D.…”

Section: Part-list Cuing Versus Interferencecontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…Storage deficit proposals assume that amnesic patients show a deficit in the initial consolidationof episodic material into long-term memory. This deficit is assumed to arise mainly in the case of the consolidation of complex associations and less, if at all, in the consolidation of simple associations and information (Isaac & Mayes, 1999a, 1999b. Proposals emphasizing deficits in the encoding-retrieval interaction assume that amnesic patients have trouble encoding the features of material in such a way that cues directed toward feature representation can evoke the desired item directly.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Part-list cuing in amnesic patients: Evidence for a retrieval deficit

2002

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Part-list cuing-the detrimental effect of the presentation of a subset of learned items on recall of the remaining items-was examined in amnesic patients and healthy control subjects. Subjects studied two types of categorized item lists: lists in which each category consisted of strong and moderate items and lists in which each category consisted of weak and moderate items. The subjects recalled a category's strong and weak items in either the presence of or absence of the moderate items serving as retrieval cues. In healthy subjects, part-list cuing impaired recall of the strong items but not of the weak items; in amnesics, part-list cuing impaired recall of both types of items. Part-list cuing is often attributed to a change in the retrieval process from a more effective one when cues are absent to a less effective one when they are present. On the basis of this view, our results indicate that part-list cuing causes a stronger retrieval inefficiency in amnesic patients than in healthy people.

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Section: Part-list Cuing Versus Interferencecontrasting

confidence: 52%

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confidence: 99%

Part-list cuing in amnesic patients: Evidence for a retrieval deficit

2002

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“…These two sources of evidence indicate that the duration of verbal short-term memory is less than 15 seconds. Therefore, if similar mechanisms underlie visuo-spatial short-term memory it is unlikely that it is still contributing to performance after 20 seconds (see Downes et al, 1998;Isaac and Mayes, 1999, for a discussion of these issues). If this is the case, the accelerated forgetting shown by NM is most likely to be due to a consolidation deficit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This latter explanation is unlikely, at least for patient NM, whose performance was still matched to the controls at 20 seconds, but who showed accelerated forgetting between this delay and 60 seconds. Although the duration of visual short-term memory has not been established, the duration of verbal short-term memory was estimated by experimental methods to be two seconds or less (Muter, 1980) when rehearsal is not possible and amnesic patients with normal short-term memory (assessed by digit span) were severely impaired at verbal recall after a filled delay of only 15 seconds (Isaac and Mayes, 1999). These two sources of evidence indicate that the duration of verbal short-term memory is less than 15 seconds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of egocentric and allocentric spatial memory in a patient with selective hippocampal damage

et al. 2000

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Two patients with medial temporal lobe damage, seven Korsakoff amnesics and fourteen healthy control subjects were tested on three conditions of a spatial memory test ('short delay', 'allocentric' and 'egocentric'). The task required subjects to recall the position of a single spot of light presented on a board after various delays. The 'short delay' condition tested memory over very short, unfilled intervals. The other two conditions used longer, filled delays. The allocentric condition required subjects to move to a different place around the board before recalling the position of the light. In the egocentric condition stimuli were presented in darkness, which eliminated allocentric cues. The Korsakoff amnesics were impaired at all delays of the short delay tasks, suggesting poor encoding. On the allocentric and egocentric tasks the Korsakoff amnesics showed a comparable impairment in the two conditions, which worsened with delay. This accelerated forgetting suggested that the Korsakoff amnesics also had impaired memory for allocentric and egocentric information. The patients with medial temporal lobe damage were unimpaired in the 'short delay' condition suggesting intact encoding and short-term memory of spatial information. However, they were impaired in the allocentric condition and showed accelerated loss of allocentric spatial information. In the egocentric condition, while the performance of one patient was impaired, the performance of the other was as good as controls. This result suggests that, in contrast to allocentric spatial memory, which is sensitive to medial temporal lobe damage, an intact medial temporal lobe need not be necessary for successful performance on an egocentric spatial memory task.

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“…These include: (1) the need to 'match' the starting point from which forgetting is measured; (2) the advantages/disadvantages of different techniques for this matching; (3) avoiding ceiling and floor effects; (4) consideration about whether forgetting should start being measured during or immediately following stimulus presentation; (5) the nature of the distraction activity between test intervals; and (6) whether repeated or equivalent material should be tested at different delay intervals (Brooks & Baddeley, 1976;Green & Kopelman, 2002;Huppert & Piercy, 1977, 1978Isaac & Mayes, 1999a, 1999bKopelman, 1985Kopelman, , 1997Kopelman, , 2000bKopelman & Stanhope, 1997;Mayes, 1988;Mayes & Downes, 1997;McKee & Squire, 1992;Slamecka & McElree, 1983). Reviewing the epilepsy literature, Elliott, Isaac, and Mulhert (2014) published a methodological critique of forgetting studies, which additionally included comments on the need to use both verbal and visual forgetting measures, and the importance of appropriate matching of groups on demographic and cognitive variables.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forgetting in temporal lobe epilepsy: When does it become accelerated?

Cassel

Morris

Koutroumanidis

et al. 2016

Cortex

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The notion of 'accelerated long-term forgetting' has often been attributed to disrupted 'late' memory consolidation. Nevertheless, methodological issues in the literature have left this theory unproven, leading some to suggest such findings may be reflective of subtle acquisition or early retention deficits. This study attempts to address such issues, and also to explore which pathophysiological variables are associated with forgetting rates. Eighteen participants with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and eighteen matched controls completed background neuropsychological measurement of immediate and short-delay memory that showed comparable performance, both on verbal and visual tests. Using two novel experimental tasks to measure long-term forgetting, cued recall of verbal and visuospatial material was tested 30 seconds, 10 minutes, one day, and one week after learning. Forgetting of verbal material was found to be progressively faster during the course of a week in the TLE group. For visuospatial memory, participants in the TLE group exhibited faster early forgetting in the first 10 minutes after learning, as indicated by planned comparisons, with comparable forgetting rates thereafter. Our findings provide evidence for two patterns of disruption to 'early' memory consolidation in this population, occurring either at the initial delay only or continuing progressively through time. Differences in how soon after learning accelerated forgetting was detectable were related to factors associated with greater severity of epilepsy, such as presence of medial temporal lobe sclerosis on MRI and use of multiple anti-epileptic agents.

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Rate of forgetting in amnesia: I. Recall and recognition of prose.

Cited by 54 publications

References 44 publications

Part-list cuing in amnesic patients: Evidence for a retrieval deficit

Part-list cuing in amnesic patients: Evidence for a retrieval deficit

A comparison of egocentric and allocentric spatial memory in a patient with selective hippocampal damage

Forgetting in temporal lobe epilepsy: When does it become accelerated?

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