Rate of detection of human herpesvirus-6 at different stages of HIV infection

Gautheret, A.; Aubin, Jean-Thierry; Fauveau, Véronique; Rozenbaum, Willy; Huraux, Jean‐Marie; Agut, Henri

doi:10.1007/bf01691003

Cited by 31 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…An increased frequency of active infections was observed in late stages of the course of AIDS but was questioned for earlier stages (170,171). As a whole, the capability of HHV-6 to accelerate the progression to AIDS remains controversial, while its opportunistic role among AIDS-associated infections was convincingly demonstrated by reports of cases of encephalitis, pneumonitis, and retinitis (172)(173)(174)(175).…”

Section: Reactivations and Reinfectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory and Clinical Aspects of Human Herpesvirus 6 Infections

2015

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SUMMARY Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a widespread betaherpesvirus which is genetically related to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and now encompasses two different species: HHV-6A and HHV-6B. HHV-6 exhibits a wide cell tropism in vivo and, like other herpesviruses, induces a lifelong latent infection in humans. As a noticeable difference with respect to other human herpesviruses, genomic HHV-6 DNA is covalently integrated into the subtelomeric region of cell chromosomes (ciHHV-6) in about 1% of the general population. Although it is infrequent, this may be a confounding factor for the diagnosis of active viral infection. The diagnosis of HHV-6 infection is performed by both serologic and direct methods. The most prominent technique is the quantification of viral DNA in blood, other body fluids, and organs by means of real-time PCR. Many active HHV-6 infections, corresponding to primary infections, reactivations, or exogenous reinfections, are asymptomatic. However, the virus may be the cause of serious diseases, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. As emblematic examples of HHV-6 pathogenicity, exanthema subitum, a benign disease of infancy, is associated with primary infection, whereas further virus reactivations can induce severe encephalitis cases, particularly in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Generally speaking, the formal demonstration of the causative role of HHV-6 in many acute and chronic human diseases is difficult due to the ubiquitous nature of the virus, chronicity of infection, existence of two distinct species, and limitations of current investigational tools. The antiviral compounds ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir are effective against active HHV-6 infections, but the indications for treatment, as well as the conditions of drug administration, are not formally approved to date. There are still numerous pending questions about HHV-6 which should stimulate future research works on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy of this remarkable human virus.

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Section: Reactivations and Reinfectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory and Clinical Aspects of Human Herpesvirus 6 Infections

2015

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“…Similarly, using antigen capture methods, IgA antibodies specific to dengue virus that correlate well with early secondary infection have been found in saliva (81). In contrast, M. tuberculosis and many viruses, including Ebola virus, HSV, EBV, HHV, and CMV, are most reliably detected directly using PCR methodologies (82,83,84,85,86,87). Aside from CMV, where detection in the saliva of infants by PCR screening can identify newborns with congenital CMV infection, the clinical utility of saliva-based testing for most other pathogens has yet to be established definitively (87).…”

Section: Infectious Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Biomarkers: Toward Future Clinical and Diagnostic Utilities

et al. 2013

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SUMMARY The pursuit of timely, cost-effective, accurate, and noninvasive diagnostic methodologies is an endeavor of urgency among clinicians and scientists alike. Detecting pathologies at their earliest stages can significantly affect patient discomfort, prognosis, therapeutic intervention, survival rates, and recurrence. Diagnosis and monitoring often require painful invasive procedures such as biopsies and repeated blood draws, adding undue stress to an already unpleasant experience. The discovery of saliva-based microbial, immunologic, and molecular biomarkers offers unique opportunities to bypass these measures by utilizing oral fluids to evaluate the condition of both healthy and diseased individuals. Here we discuss saliva and its significance as a source of indicators for local, systemic, and infectious disorders. We highlight contemporary innovations and explore recent discoveries that deem saliva a mediator of the body's physiological condition. Additionally, we examine the current state of salivary diagnostics and its associated technologies, future aspirations, and potential as the preferred route of disease detection, monitoring, and prognosis.

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“…In the case of the 38 long-term nonprogressors studied at the year of inclusion, 26 clinical samples were available for the second year. DNA extraction from PBMCs was performed using either QIAmp DNA Blood Mini Kit (Qiagen), according to the manufacturer's instructions, for samples from HIV-1-seropositive patients, or standard phenol-chloroformisoamylalcohol treatment and ethanol precipitation, as previously described [Gautheret et al, 1995], for samples from healthy donors. Final DNA extracts were stored at À208C until use.…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, Fillet et al [1995] did not observe any difference regarding HHV-6 detection in lymph nodes from HIV-infected patients compared to HIV-seronegative controls. Furthermore, among larger cohorts of alive HIV-infected patients, the rate of HHV-6 detection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was similar among HIV-seropositive patients and HIV-seronegative controls [Gautheret et al, 1995], and was associated with high CD4 þ Tlymphocyte counts [Fairfax et al, 1994]. So far, no clinical symptom associated with HHV-7 infection has been described in HIV-infected patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Detection of human herpesvirus 7 DNA in peripheral blood reflects mainly CD4⁺ cell count in patients infected with HIV

Boutolleau

Bonduelle

Sabard

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Virology

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The opportunistic behavior and the potential interactions of human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 in HIV-1-infected patients were investigated in comparison with HHV-6, another human roseolovirus. Roseolovirus DNAs were detected and quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 198 HIV-seronegative healthy blood donors, 38 HIV-1-infected patients classified as long-term non-progressors, and 99 HIV-1-infected patients classified as progressors. The rate of HHV-7 DNA detection was higher in healthy donors (78%) than in long-term non-progressors (47%; P = 0.0003) or in progressors (52%; P < 0.0001). HHV-7 cell load was higher in healthy donors (median: 212 EqCop/10(6) PBMCs) and in long-term non-progressors (median: 105 EqCop/10(6) PBMCs) than in progressors (median: 48 EqCop/10(6) PBMCs; P < 0.0001 and P = 0.015, respectively). Among progressors, HHV-7 detection was correlated positively with the CD4(+) T-lymphocyte count (P = 0.028). Neither HHV-7 detection rate nor cell load was correlated with the HIV-1 plasma load. As a whole, HHV-6 detection rate and cell load were lower than the HHV-7 counterparts, albeit exhibiting similar differences between healthy donors, long-term non-progressors, and progressors. In conclusion, HHV-7 infection does not appear to be stimulated by HIV-1 infection, nor interact with it. Rather, HHV-7 detection rate and cell load reflect CD4(+) T-lymphocyte count, with higher values in healthy donors and long-term non-progressors than in progressors.

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Rate of detection of human herpesvirus-6 at different stages of HIV infection

Cited by 31 publications

References 19 publications

Laboratory and Clinical Aspects of Human Herpesvirus 6 Infections

Laboratory and Clinical Aspects of Human Herpesvirus 6 Infections

Salivary Biomarkers: Toward Future Clinical and Diagnostic Utilities

Detection of human herpesvirus 7 DNA in peripheral blood reflects mainly CD4⁺ cell count in patients infected with HIV

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Rate of detection of human herpesvirus-6 at different stages of HIV infection

Cited by 31 publications

References 19 publications

Laboratory and Clinical Aspects of Human Herpesvirus 6 Infections

Laboratory and Clinical Aspects of Human Herpesvirus 6 Infections

Salivary Biomarkers: Toward Future Clinical and Diagnostic Utilities

Detection of human herpesvirus 7 DNA in peripheral blood reflects mainly CD4+ cell count in patients infected with HIV

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Detection of human herpesvirus 7 DNA in peripheral blood reflects mainly CD4⁺ cell count in patients infected with HIV