Rate of Change and Instability in Body Mass Index, Insulin Resistance, and Lipid Metabolism as Predictors of Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

Abstract

Within an individual, long-term change in metabolic risk factors, as well as their absolute levels, can be important in atherosclerotic vascular disease.

Growth Velocity Predicts Recurrence of Sleep-disordered Breathing 1 Year after Adenotonsillectomy

“…Children, in whom impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes later developed, were characterized by a low BMI between birth and 2 years of age, a young age at adiposity rebound, and a sustained accelerated gain in BMI until adulthood. A similar association between rate of weight gain and the risk of cardiovascular disease in children and adults has been recently described (18,19,28).…”

Exercise and Diet Improve Cardiometabolic Risk in Overweight and Obese Individuals Without Weight Loss

“…We interpret these data to show the inadequacy of weight loss as a viable treatment strategy. Instability of body weight and metabolic risk markers has been reported to predict atherosclerotic vascular disease [9], and body weight fluctuation itself has been reported to be associated with increased CVD mortality [10,11]. Instability of body weight and metabolic risk markers has been reported to predict atherosclerotic vascular disease [9], and body weight fluctuation itself has been reported to be associated with increased CVD mortality [10,11].…”

“…Although weight loss significantly enhances glucose metabolism and insulin action in overweight and obese individuals [58À61], improvements in glucose control associated with weight loss are reversed with weight regain [62]. Instability of cardiometabolic risk factors with chronic weight fluctuations, such as insulin resistance, has been reported to significantly predict atherosclerotic vascular disease [9]. Even if temporarily improved with each weight-loss attempt, the long-term therapeutic value of repeated episodes of weight loss and regain may not be benign.…”

“…Weight fluctuation has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular, cancer and all-cause mortality [10,11,13] and a number of cardiometabolic morbidities, including high blood pressure [14], reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [15], and decreased resting and endothelium-dependent myocardial blood flow [16]. Instability of body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism have been reported to be predictive of atherosclerotic vascular disease [9].…”

Associations of apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio with pre-diabetes and diabetes risks: a cross-sectional study in Chinese adults

“…Atherogenic dyslipidaemia is a characteristic lipoprotein abnormality that includes high levels of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins (mainly very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)), low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and an elevated proportion of small dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL) particles 1. To date, evaluation of the clinical relevance of atherogenic dyslipidaemia has focused on its role as an effective predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to other lipid parameters.…”