Rate Enhancements in the Acetylation and Benzoylation of Certain Aromatic Compounds with Vilsmeier-Haack Reagents Using Acetamide, Benzamide and Oxychlorides under Non-Conventional Conditions

Abstract

Acetylation and benzoylation reactions of certain aromatic aldehydes, ketones with Vilsmeier-Haack Reagents using Acetamide and Oxychloride (SOCl 2 or POCl 3 ) under conventional (thermal) and non conventional [microwave irradiated (MIR), ultrasonic assisted and solvent free mortar pestle (grinding)] conditions. Reactions afforded good to excellent yields of products with both the VH reagents, reaction times were fairly less in the case of [amide/POCl 3 ] than those of [amide/SOCl 2 ] reagent. Reactions are dramatically accelerated in under sonicated and microwave irradiations with a trend: MIR (few seconds) >> Sonication (minutes) > Grinding (min) >> thermal (several hrs).

Sources, Chemical Functionalization, and Commercial Applications of Nanocellulose and Nanocellulose-Based Composites: A Review

“…It involves the utilization of both aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic reagents in organic media. Various types of research have been performed where acetylation is used as a surface modification technique [ 66 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 ]. Acetylation refers to the response of cellulose’s OH groups to acetyl groups, resulting in the plasticization of lignocellulosic strands [ 76 ].…”

Improved mechanical and water absorption properties of epoxy-bamboo long natural fibres composites by eco-friendly Na2CO3treatment

“…Silane comes under the list of highly reactive gases that cause significant fire [17]. Acetylation and Benzoylation are also hazardous to health due to their toxicity apart from being cost effective [18, 19]. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is the most commonly used alkali for most of natural fibres, especially bamboo.…”

Environmentally Benign Mortar-Pestle-Induced Acylation and O-Alkylation of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Compounds under Solvent-Free Micellar Conditions and Computation of Their Drug Likeliness Properties

“…Number of articles are available reporting solid-state reactions by grinding such as, Grignard reaction [4], Reformatsky reaction [5], Aldol condensation [6], Dickhmann condensation [7], phenol coupling reaction [8], reduction reaction [9], Wittig reaction [10], Grignard and McMurry reaction [11], and Synthesis of Polyhydroquinolines [12]. In recent past, our research group is actively involved in the exploration of in the exploration of nonconventional methods for nitration, bromination, acetylation, and benzylation reactions in the direction of achieving greenery conditions [13][14][15][16]. Most of these griding reactions are carried out at room temperature, absolutely solvent-free and use only a mortar and pestle and also economical and green procedures.…”