Rate controlling mechanisms during hot deformation of Mg–3Gd–1Zn magnesium alloy: Dislocation glide and climb, dynamic recrystallization, and mechanical twinning

A Simplified Approach for Developing Constitutive Equations for Modeling and Prediction of Hot Deformation Flow Stress

“…While the RMSE values of the conventional strain-dependent exponential approach are comparable to those determined for the other approaches, its AAE values are evidently higher. This can be ascribed to the fact that the exponential law is not very good at low stress values [40][41][42] as can be seen for the flow curves of 1373 K (1100°C) to 0.0001 s À1 and 1373 K (1100°C) to 0.0001 s À1 , which can result in high AAE values based on the AAE formula of Eq. [7].…”

Modified Fields–Backofen model for constitutive behavior of as-cast AZ31B magnesium alloy during hot deformation

“…Because of the complexity of the model and the limitations of the forecasting range, the model could not be easily and precisely referenced in the FEM code for simulating forming processes. As a result, appropriate constitutive models based on strain rate, strain, and temperature should be put forward in new research for the representation of flow stress [27][28][29][30]. Hollomon constructed a relationship between flow stress and strain as σ = kε n , where k is the stress coefficient and n is the strain hardening coefficient [31].…”

Hot deformation and processing map of an as-extruded Mg–Zn–Mn–Y alloy containing I and W phases

“…Therefore, magnesium alloys, being the lightest structural metallic material, have received a considerable attention in the application of light-weighed structural components in the automotive and aerospace sectors. However, the use of magnesium alloys is still very limited because of poor ductility and formability at room temperature and low strength at elevated temperatures [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. There is a persistent effort to enhance the high temperature performance of magnesium alloys where one of scenarios being explored is the addition of rareearth metals [17,18].…”