Rate and risk factors of recurrent tuberculosis in Yemen: a 5-year prospective study

Anaam, Mohammed Saif; Alrasheedy, Alian A.; Alsahali, Saud; Alfadly, Saeed; Aldhubhani, Adel Hamood Noman

doi:10.1080/23744235.2019.1690162

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…[24][25] Incidence of TB recurrence observed in our study was much higher than that documented from some settings with similar or slightly higher TB incidence in general population. A study conducted in Yemen reported a 5 years recurrence rate of 9.5% and a similar study in South Africa reported a 7.1% recurrence for HIV negative patients over 3 years 18,26 compared to the 15.2% seen in this study. Heterogeneity of study design, including studying risk factors, and the definition of recurrence could be the reasons for the differences seen.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

“…Similar trends were also observed in other studies. 18,19,21 These findings suggest that TB patients should be monitored even after completion of their treatments, particularly during the first 3 years. Although the study sites were not high TB incidence settings, with these rates of recurrence, special attention should be given in the first year following completion of initial treatment as relapse generally happens earlier than reinfection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Although similar trends were also reported from other studies, the risk of recurrence among successfully treated patients compared with rates of initial episode in general population in our study was much greater than that observed in other studies. [18][19][20][21] Previous studies reported that 58.2-69.0% of recurrent TB in China were resulted from relapse of the original M. tuberculosis strain rather than from reinfection with a new strain. [22][23] However, we are not able to comment on this as we did not test those who represented with TB to establish if it was relapse or reinfection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Tuberculosis recurrence over a 7-year follow-up period in successfully treated patients in a routine program setting in China: a prospective longitudinal study

Lin

Xiao³

et al. 2021

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tuberculosis recurrence over a 7-year follow-up period in successfully treated patients in a routine program setting in China: a prospective longitudinal study

Lin

Xiao³

et al. 2021

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…In observational datasets from Russia and the USA, this association extends to the development of drug resistance [51,52], although in simulations it has not been consistently proven [53]. Recurrence of TB disease among pulmonary TB patients was higher with worse implementation in both the Yemen and Vietnam [54,55].…”

Section: Suboptimal Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

All nonadherence is equal but is some more equal than others? Tuberculosis in the digital era

et al. 2020

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Adherence to treatment for tuberculosis (TB) has been a concern for many decades, resulting in the World Health Organization's recommendation of the direct observation of treatment in the 1990s. Recent advances in digital adherence technologies (DATs) have renewed discussion on how to best address nonadherence, as well as offering important information on dose-by-dose adherence patterns and their variability between countries and settings. Previous studies have largely focussed on percentage thresholds to delineate sufficient adherence, but this is misleading and limited, given the complex and dynamic nature of adherence over the treatment course. Instead, we apply a standardised taxonomy – as adopted by the international adherence community – to dose-by-dose medication-taking data, which divides missed doses into 1) late/noninitiation (starting treatment later than expected/not starting), 2) discontinuation (ending treatment early), and 3) suboptimal implementation (intermittent missed doses). Using this taxonomy, we can consider the implications of different forms of nonadherence for intervention and regimen design. For example, can treatment regimens be adapted to increase the “forgiveness” of common patterns of suboptimal implementation to protect against treatment failure and the development of drug resistance? Is it reasonable to treat all missed doses of treatment as equally problematic and equally common when deploying DATs? Can DAT data be used to indicate the patients that need enhanced levels of support during their treatment course? Critically, we pinpoint key areas where knowledge regarding treatment adherence is sparse and impeding scientific progress.

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“…Understanding the reason for TB recurrence will help to in the evaluation of therapeutic regimens and the effectiveness of TB prevention and control programs [14]. Although a series of studies associated with TB reinfection have been carried out in Eastern China [9], the situation regarding TB recurrence in Beijing remains unclear and further studies are thus very important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis relapse is more common than reinfection in Beijing, China

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2020

Infectious Diseases

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Background: Recurrent tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem in countries with a high TB burden. It is very necessary to elucidate the situation of recurrent TB in Beijing, capital of China. Objective: To determine the proportion of recurrent tuberculosis (TB) cases and to identify relapsed or reinfected cases, as well as risk factors associated with recurrence in Beijing. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study that included all TB cases in Beijing that were successfully treated from 2013 to 2015. Recurrence due to relapse or reinfection was determined using the variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) method. Risk factors associated with recurrence were analysed. Results: Tuberculosis recurred in 275 of the 4043 successfully treated TB patients, giving a recurrence rate of 6.8% (275/ 4043). 190 of the 275 cases were culture positive in both instances, and genotyping results for both episodes were available for 58 of these patients. The cultured isolates from 40 of the 58 recurrent cases (69%) had identical genotypic patterns in both episodes, indicating a relapse. 31% (18/58) had different genotypes, indicating reinfection by a new strain and suggested recent transmission. Those people in the 30-59 age group (p < .001), and those retreated for pulmonary TB (p < .001) were more likely to have TB recurrence. Conclusion: Our results indicate that relapse was more common than reinfection in recurrent TB cases in Beijing from 2013 to 2015. Age and retreatment were found to be risk factors for TB recurrence.

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Rate and risk factors of recurrent tuberculosis in Yemen: a 5-year prospective study

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Tuberculosis recurrence over a 7-year follow-up period in successfully treated patients in a routine program setting in China: a prospective longitudinal study

Tuberculosis recurrence over a 7-year follow-up period in successfully treated patients in a routine program setting in China: a prospective longitudinal study

All nonadherence is equal but is some more equal than others? Tuberculosis in the digital era

Tuberculosis relapse is more common than reinfection in Beijing, China

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