Rate and Periodicity of Pheromone Release from Individual Female Artichoke Plume Moths,
Platyptilia carduidactyla
(Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae)

Zhang

et al. 2015

Entomological Research

To lay a foundation for the monitoring, prevention and control of Parocneria orienta, a pest moth in China, we investigated the reproductive ecology of P. orienta, including the environmental factors affecting reproduction and the effects of pheromones in field traps. The results showed that the mating duration is shorter when the temperature is higher, with the optimal temperature range for P. orienta reproduction being 22–27°C. The sex ratio had an effect on the male mating capacity, which significantly increased when the sex ratio was ♀:♂ ≥ 3:1. The average number of matings was 2.44 for males, while female P. orienta mated only once in a lifetime. Males were more attracted to virgin females than to mated females, and the temperature and light period had an effect on the release of sex pheromones by females. Field trap tests using virgin females supported the results obtained in the laboratory, showing that the release of sex pheromones by P. orienta follows a distinct circadian rhythm.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Laboratory and field studies on the reproductive ecology of Parocneria orienta (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in China

Zhang

et al. 2015

Entomological Research

“…Lofstedt et al 1985 or as emitted volatiles {Baker et al 1981, Morse et al 1982. Pope et al 1982. Haynes et al 1983.…”

Section: Moths Lepidopteramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sources of extra-biological variation (Box D) seems to have been appreciated by all authors. In fact, most studies have been undertaken in order to investigate effects of such factors as diurnal rhythms (Bjostad et al 1980, Pope et al 1982. Haynes et al 1983), age (Charlton and Carde 1982) or differences between strains or populations (Klun and Maini 1979, Miller and Roelofs 1980, Haynes et al 1984, Lofstedt et al 1985.…”

Section: Moths Lepidopteramentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual variation in bark beetle and moth pheromones ‐ a comparison and an evolutionary background

Schlyter

Birgersson

1989

Ecography

The presently published data of variation in pheromone content in bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and moths (Lepidoptera) are reviewed. In both taxa high coefficients of variation, often up to around 100% for amount of pheromone, seem to be the rule. The contribution to the variation from errors in the chemical methods was small in most studies compared with the intrinsic biological variation. Examples arc given of variation in both absolute amounts, proportions of geometric isomers and in enantiomeric composition. Ratios of isomers often had lower coefficients of variation (25% or less). A lower average variation among sex pheromone in moths could relate to a mating system involving singly calling females, compared with the aggregation pheromone of bark beetles, which often call in large groups. The origin of a resource‐based aggregation pheromone system by evolution working via individual selection is outlined.

Entomologia Exp Applicata

“…At a given temperature, virgin females of several crepuscular and nocturnal species of Lepidoptera advance the onset time of calling on successive nights of calling (Hirano & Muramoto, 1976;Swier et al, 1977;Kanno, 1979;Kanno & Sato, 1979;Sz0cs & T6th, 1979;Turgeon & McNeil, 1982;West etal., 1984;Howlader & Gerber, 1986;Raina et al, 1986;Seol et al, 1986;Snir et al, 1986;Dunkelblum et al, 1987), a pattern that has been interpreted as an adaptation permitting older females to increase their probabili-ties of attracting a mate before younger individuals initiate calling (Swier et al, 1977). Similarly, females held under cold temperature conditions call significantly earlier than those of the same age at warmer conditions (Sower et al, 1971;Sanders & Lucuik, 1972;Card6 et al, 1975;Baker & Card6, 1979;Teal & Byers, 1980;Alford & Hammond, 1982;Webster & Card6, 1982;Subchev, 1983;Haynes & Birch, 1984;Delisle & McNeil, 1987a~ b), a presumed adaptation permitting females to attract a mate before ambient temperatures drop below the limits of male flight activity (Card6 et al, 1975;Baker & Card6, 1979). This would not only be important with respect to daily fluctuations of temperature within a given flight period, but also for seasonal changes in bi-or multivoltine species (Baker & Card6, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age related changes in the calling behaviour and the attractiveness of obliquebanded leafroller virgin females, Choristoneura rosaceana, under different constant and fluctuating temperature conditions

Delisle¹

1992

C. rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) virgin females initiated calling in the first scotophase following emergence at both 15° and 20 °C constant temperature under a 16L:8D photoperiod. As females aged, the onset of calling occurred much earlier, and the time spent calling increased significantly at both temperature conditions. For a given age, the onset of calling occurred significantly earlier at 15 °C than at 20 °C, but the duration of calling did not vary with temperature. Similar results were obtained under warm and cold thermocycles that simulated natural conditions prevailing during the summer and fall flight periods. A comparison of the degree of attractancy of different‐aged females (0, 3, and 5 days old) in the field showed that the attractiveness of 0‐day‐old females relative to that of 3‐day old females did not vary between flights. However, compared to day‐5 females, the relative attractiveness of 0‐ and 3‐day‐old females was greater in the summer than in the fall flights. The potential adaptative value of these changes for seasonal mating success are discussed.