Rat Brain Phosphatidyl‐<i>N,N</i>‐Dimethylethanolamine Is Rich in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Tacconi, M.T.; Wurtman, Richard J.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb04064.x

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…For FA quantification, plasma lipids were extracted with the use of a modification of the method by Bligh and Dyer (41). Lipids were transmethylated to methyl esters for gas chromatography with the use of the method described by Tacconi and Wurtman (42). FA identification and quantification was performed by injecting 1 mL sample (1:20 split injection) on an Agilent 7890A gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector and Agilent HP-88 (100 m 3 0.25 mm 3 0.2 um) under conditions modified from previously described methods (43).…”

Section: Blood Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive functions and the ω-6-to-ω-3 fatty acid ratio: a cross-sectional study

Sheppard

Cheatham

2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: The v-6 (n-6) to v-3 (n-3) fatty acid (FA) ratio (n-6:n-3 ratio) was previously shown to be a predictor of executive function performance in children aged 7-9 y. Objective: We aimed to replicate and extend previous findings by exploring the role of the n-6:n-3 ratio in executive function performance. We hypothesized that there would be an interaction between n-3 and the n-6:n-3 ratio, with children with low n-3 performing best with a low ratio, and those with high n-3 performing best with a high ratio. Design: Children were recruited on the basis of their consumption of n-6 and n-3 FAs. The executive function performance of 78 children aged 7-12 y was tested with the use of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery and a planning task. Participants provided blood for plasma FA quantification, and the caregiver completed demographic and activity questionnaires. We investigated the role of the n-6:n-3 ratio in the entire sample and separately in children aged 7-9 y (n = 41) and 10-12 y (n = 37).

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Section: Blood Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive functions and the ω-6-to-ω-3 fatty acid ratio: a cross-sectional study

Sheppard

Cheatham

2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…The lower (chloroform) phase was transferred to a clean tube and evaporated to dryness under nitrogen. The residual lipids were saponified and the fatty acids trans-methylated by sequential 1 ml additions of 4.25% NaOH in CHCl 3 :MeOH (2:1, v/v) and 1N HCl in saline [36]. Samples were mixed vigorously and then centrifuged at 1500 x g for 5 min.…”

Section: Extraction and Measurement Of Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of mRNA expression and activity of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL) isoforms in Mus musculus heart

Jong¹,

Neal²,

Coleman³

et al. 2007

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biolog

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SummaryLong-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSL) activate fatty acids (FA) and provide substrates for virtually every metabolic pathway that catabolizes FA or synthesizes complex lipids. We have hypothesized that each of the five cloned ACSL isoforms partitions FA towards specific downstream pathways. Adult heart expresses all five cloned ACSL isoforms, but their independent functional roles have not been elucidated. Studies implicate ACSL1 in both oxidative and lipid synthetic pathways. To clarify the functional role of ACSL1 and the other ACSL isoforms (3-6), we examined ACS specific activity and Acsl mRNA expression in the developing mouse heart which increases FA oxidative pathways for energy production after birth. Compared to the embryonic heart, ACS specific activity was 14-fold higher on post-natal day 1 (P1). On P1, as compared to the fetus, only Acsl1 mRNA increased, whereas transcripts for the other Acsl isoforms remained the same, suggesting that ACSL1 is the major isoform responsible for activating long-chain FA for myocardial oxidation after birth. In contrast, the mRNA abundance of Acsl3 was highest on E16, and decreased dramatically by P7, suggesting that ACSL3 may play a critical role during the development of the fetal heart. Our data support the hypothesis that each ACSL has a specific role in the channeling of FA towards distinct metabolic fates. Keywordsfatty acid activation; heart ontogeny; heart fatty acid oxidation; heart lipid synthesis; heart phospholipid composition Abbreviations ACO, acyl-CoA oxidase; ACS, acyl-CoA synthetase; ACSL and Acsl, long chain acyl-CoA synthetase protein and mRNA, respectively; CPT-1, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1; DTT, dithiothreitol; E16 embryonic day 16; FA, fatty acid; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; LCAD, long-chain acyl dehydrogenase; MCAD, medium-chain acyl dehydrogenase; P1, postnatal day 1; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor

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“…1 is the effect of a sequential increase in intraluminal pressure on cannulated cerebral arterial preparations that resulted in pressure-dependent membrane depolarization and reduction in lumen diameter. The stimulation of different types of lipases can catalyze hydrolytic cleavage and release arachidonic acid (AA) from the sin-2 position of membrane phospholipids (23,44,52,53). This enzymatically released AA can be metabolized to prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and, as mainly discussed in this review, to the cytochrome P-450 (CYP) (40,41,50)catalyzed metabolic products (7,16,23,42,47).…”

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confidence: 99%

Pressure-induced myogenic tone and role of 20-HETE in mediating autoregulation of cerebral blood flow

Harder

Narayanan

Gebremedhin

2011

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Harder DR, Narayanan J, Gebremedhin D. Pressure-induced myogenic tone and role of 20-HETE in mediating autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 300: H1557-H1565, 2011. First published January 21, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01097.2010.-While myogenic force in response to a changing arterial pressure has been described early in the 20th century, it was not until 1984 that the effect of a sequential increase in intraluminal pressure on cannulated cerebral arterial preparations was found to result in pressure-dependent membrane depolarization associated with spike generation and reduction in lumen diameter. Despite a great deal of effort by different laboratories and investigators, the identification of the existence of a mediator of the pressure-induced myogenic constriction in arterial muscle remained a challenge. It was the original finding by our laboratory that demonstrated the capacity of cerebral arterial muscle cells to express the cytochrome P-450 4A enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the potent vasoconstrictor 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) from arachidonic acid, the production of which in cerebral arterial muscle cells increases with the elevation in intravascular pressure. 20-HETE activates protein kinase C and causes the inhibition of Ca 2ϩ -activated K ϩ channels, depolarizes arterial muscle cell membrane, and activates L-type Ca 2ϩ channel to increase intracellular Ca 2ϩ levels and evoke vasoconstriction. The inhibition of 20-HETE formation attenuates pressureinduced arterial myogenic constriction in vitro and blunts the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in vivo. We suggest that the formation and action of cytochrome P-450-derived 20-HETE in cerebral arterial muscle could play a critically important role in the control of cerebral arterial tone and the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow under physiological conditions. 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; cytochrome P-450 4A; ion channels; membrane potential STEPWISE INCREASE OF transmural pressure in isolated and cannulated cerebral arteries gives rise to a series of signaling events that culminate in stepwise constriction of the arterial segments. These arterial muscle signaling events include membrane depolarization, reduction in outward K ϩ current, increase in inward Ca 2ϩ current (via L-type Ca 2ϩ channels), translocation of PKC and phosphorylation, and elevation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol, all of which are related to the activation of arterial muscle and allow arterial diameter to track changes in blood pressure, thereby maintaining blood flow relatively constant (3, 5,19,25,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)44). The signaling pathway mediating these events involves the production of the potent vasoconstrictor 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) (15,21,23,26,34). These series of signaling reactions maintain blood flow constant despite wide fluctuations in arterial pressure. The reasons for such maintenance of blood flow can be explained both physiologically as well as teleologically...

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Rat Brain Phosphatidyl‐N,N‐Dimethylethanolamine Is Rich in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Cited by 28 publications

References 22 publications

Executive functions and the ω-6-to-ω-3 fatty acid ratio: a cross-sectional study

Executive functions and the ω-6-to-ω-3 fatty acid ratio: a cross-sectional study

Ontogeny of mRNA expression and activity of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL) isoforms in Mus musculus heart

Pressure-induced myogenic tone and role of 20-HETE in mediating autoregulation of cerebral blood flow

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