Rasterstereographic back shape analysis in idiopathic scoliosis after anterior correction and fusion

Hackenberg, Lars; Hierholzer, E.; Pötzl, Wolfgang; Götze, Christian; Liljenqvist, Ulf

doi:10.1016/s0268-0033(02)00165-1

Cited by 79 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The implementation of rasterstereography in orthodontic and orthopedic studies has been described in former studies [4,13,25]. The sagittal curvature reliability of rasterstereography was demonstrated by Hackenberg et al, when compared with X-rays [26,27]. The present study reveals correlations between the angular cephalometric parameters describing the vertical or horizontal growth pattern of the mandibula related to the cranium (angular lower facial height), as well as the vertical type of the mandibula itself (mandibular plane angle and inner gonial angle), the back shape parameters, flèche cervicale and lombaire, and trunk inclination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sagittal back contour and craniofacial morphology in preadolescents

et al. 2009

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The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation ratios between the sagittal back contour (flèche cervicale and lombaire, trunk inclination) and selected parameters of craniofacial morphology in children. The patient sample consisted of 66 healthy children with a mean age of 11.2 years (SD 1.6 years), of which 34 were male (mean age 11.5 years, SD 1.3 years) and 32 were females (mean age 10.9 years, SD 1.9 years). The children were recruited during the preparation of the initial orthodontic treatment records. Craniofacial morphology was analyzed by six angular measurements: facial axis, mandibular plane angle, inner gonial angle, lower facial height, facial depth and maxilla position. Rasterstereography was used for reconstruction of the spinal back sagittal profile.From the profile flèche cervicale, flèche lombaire and trunk inclination were determined and the correlations with the craniofacial morphology were calculated (Pearson and Mann-Whitney U test). Significant correlations were found with respect to the inner gonial angle and the flèche cervicale, the mandibular plane angle and the flèche lombaire, the inner gonial angle and the flèche lombaire, and the angular lower facial height and the flèche lombaire, as well as the inner gonial angle and the trunk inclination. The craniofacial vertical growth pattern, presented by mandibular plane angle, inner gonial angle and the angular lower facial height, and the correlation to flèche cervicale and lombaire as well as trunk inclination reveal correlations between growth pattern and sagittal back contour.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sagittal back contour and craniofacial morphology in preadolescents

et al. 2009

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“…In previous studies rasterstereography has proved to be a reliable method for precise 3D back shape measurement and for the reconstruction of the spinal shape avoiding any radiation exposure of the patient [8,9,[14][15][16]. In order to compare the back shape in standing and forward bending posture, two identical rasterstereographic devices were used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rasterstereographic analysis of axial back surface rotation in standing versus forward bending posture in idiopathic scoliosis

et al. 2006

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The forward bending test according to Adams and rib hump quantification by scoliometer are common clinical examination techniques in idiopathic scoliosis, although precise data about the change of axial surface rotation in forward bending posture are not available. In a pilot study the influence of leg length inequalities on the back shape of five normal subjects was clarified. Then 91 patients with idiopathic scoliosis with Cobb-angles between 20°and 82°were examined by rasterstereography, a 3D back surface analysis system.

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“…It provides a three-dimensional analysis of the shape of the trunk, allowing a reconstruction of the spinal deformity. The accuracy of the method has been confirmed in patients with idiopathic scoliosis of up to 80° [44][45][46]. The apical vertebral lateral deviation measured with stereoradiography showed high correlation to the apical axial rotation on plain radiographs [47,48].…”

Section: Surface Topographymentioning

confidence: 76%

Clinical investigation and imaging

Studer

2013

Journal of Children's Orthopaedics

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Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) affects 2-4 % of children and is diagnosed between age 10 and skeletal maturity. The female to male ratio for mild curves less than 20°is 1.5:1; however, progression to a severe deformity occurs more often in females (Weinstein in JAMA 289(5): [559][560][561][562][563][564][565][566][567] 2003). Despite significant ongoing research, including into the genetic basis for AIS, there are currently no identifiable causes, and therefore the disorder still remains a diagnosis of exclusion. History, physical examination and radiographic assessment must exclude other possible causes of spinal deformity and are crucial in predicting the risk of curve progression. History should focus on family history, menarche, presence or absence of pain, sports activities and neurologic changes. Physical examination concentrates on anthropometric data, pubertal staging, neurologic testing and specific investigation of the spine, with the Adams' forward bending test being the most meaningful step to evaluate trunk rotation. Definitive diagnosis cannot be made without imaging. The gold standard remains plain radiography with assessment of the Cobb angle on a standing coronal radiograph of the entire spine. A lateral X-ray is used for assessing sagittal balance and for evaluating the deformity in the sagittal plane. If available, surface topography can accompany the followup in AIS, reducing the radiation exposure. The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in AIS is an ongoing matter of debate. Common indications for MRI are the presence of an atypical curve pattern and abnormal neurological findings. Keywords Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis Á Patient's history Á Clinical investigation Á Imaging Clinical investigation Medical historyEvaluation of a child with scoliosis should begin with a comprehensive and complete medical history focused on family history of scoliosis, complaints of pain, neurologic signs or symptoms, including bowel and bladder dysfunction, information on physical development and sports activities.Family history AIS is often seen in multiple members of one family, strongly suggesting a genetic component. A meta-analysis of studies of twins showed concordance for AIS in 73 % of monozygotic and 36 % of dizygotic twins [2]. A recent study confirmed the genetic etiology in AIS, but with a concordance being much lower [3]. Current research is focusing on identifying the multiple responsible genes that cause AIS and that probably play an important role in determining the risk of curve progression. In 2010 a DNAbased test (ScoliScore, Axial Biotech, Salt Lake City, USA) to predict spinal curve progression in AIS was presented and validated [4]. This promising tool will probably revolutionize future concepts of AIS treatment but so far it is applicable only to Caucasian females and males between ages 9-13 which have already been diagnosed with mild scoliosis (10-25°Cobb angle).

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Rasterstereographic back shape analysis in idiopathic scoliosis after anterior correction and fusion

Cited by 79 publications

References 20 publications

Sagittal back contour and craniofacial morphology in preadolescents

Sagittal back contour and craniofacial morphology in preadolescents

Rasterstereographic analysis of axial back surface rotation in standing versus forward bending posture in idiopathic scoliosis

Clinical investigation and imaging

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