Rasmussen's legacy in the great outdoors: A new incident reporting and learning system for led outdoor activities

Salmon, Paul M.; Goode, Natassia; Taylor, Natalie; Lenné, Michael G.; Dallat, Clare; Finch, Caroline F.

doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2015.07.017

Cited by 57 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As a result, researchers and practitioners are recognising the benefits of applying ergonomics theory and methods, developed in other areas, in the sports and outdoor recreation context (e.g. Kermarrec and Bossard 2014;Macquet and Stanton 2014;Salmon et al 2017b). Similarly, various ergonomics methods are progressively being applied to understand and optimise training, tactics, injury prevention and regulation (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergonomics issues in sport and outdoor recreation

Salmon

2017

Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergonomics issues in sport and outdoor recreation

Salmon

2017

Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science

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“…One significant limitation of the present study is a lack of comparison groups. For example, until the implementation of UPLOADS, the sector did not have good quality incident data to focus their preventative efforts (Goode et al, 2014a, 2015; Salmon et al, 2016a). Therefore, the same prevention strategies may have been identified based on the incident data analysis, without the design process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have demonstrated that they provide a deeper understanding of how interactions within systems contribute to hazardous conditions and unsafe behavior in a range of safety-critical domains including space exploration (Johnson and Muniz de Almeida, 2008), aviation (Branford, 2011), rail (Underwood and Waterson, 2014), public health (Cassano-Piche et al, 2009), disaster management (Salmon et al, 2014a), road freight transport (Salmon et al, 2013; Newnam and Goode, 2015), and led outdoor activities (Salmon et al, 2014b, 2016a). Although these studies have focused on describing how accidents are caused, rather than how they can be prevented, there is no obvious reason why the same methods could not be applied to both analyze accidents and identify prevention strategies (Salmon et al, 2016b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analyses of fatal incidents (Salmon et al, 2010, 2012), near misses, and more common everyday injuries and illnesses (Salmon et al, 2014b, 2016a) have identified multiple contributing factors. In this domain, illnesses are viewed as important as even relatively minor illnesses or allergies may pose a serious risk in remote or wilderness environments (Goode et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To support the collection of incident data in the Australian LOA sector from a systems perspective, the authors have used Rasmussen's (1997) risk management framework to underpin the development of a national incident reporting system (Goode et al, 2015; Salmon et al, 2016a). The Understanding and Preventing Led Outdoor Accidents Data System (UPLOADS) allows organizations to record detailed information on incidents, including the event itself (e.g., the activity, the participants and supervisory staff involved), relevant events leading up the incident, and describe the system of contributing factors that staff and management perceive to be involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Designing System Reforms: Using a Systems Approach to Translate Incident Analyses into Prevention Strategies

et al. 2016

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Advocates of systems thinking approaches argue that accident prevention strategies should focus on reforming the system rather than on fixing the “broken components.” However, little guidance exists on how organizations can translate incident data into prevention strategies that address the systemic causes of accidents. This article describes and evaluates a series of systems thinking prevention strategies that were designed in response to the analysis of multiple incidents. The study was undertaken in the led outdoor activity (LOA) sector in Australia, which delivers supervised or instructed outdoor activities such as canyoning, sea kayaking, rock climbing and camping. The design process involved workshops with practitioners, and focussed on incident data analyzed using Rasmussen's AcciMap technique. A series of reflection points based on the systemic causes of accidents was used to guide the design process, and the AcciMap technique was used to represent the prevention strategies and the relationships between them, leading to the creation of PreventiMaps. An evaluation of the PreventiMaps revealed that all of them incorporated the core principles of the systems thinking approach and many proposed prevention strategies for improving vertical integration across the LOA system. However, the majority failed to address the migration of work practices and the erosion of risk controls. Overall, the findings suggest that the design process was partially successful in helping practitioners to translate incident data into prevention strategies that addressed the systemic causes of accidents; refinement of the design process is required to focus practitioners more on designing monitoring and feedback mechanisms to support decisions at the higher levels of the system.

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Methodological issues in systems Human Factors and Ergonomics: Perspectives on the research–practice gap, reliability and validity, and prediction

Salmon

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Walker

et al. 2020

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

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The changing nature of work and society, and a proliferation of complex global challenges, is increasing the need for systems Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE). The discipline is well equipped to respond, but there remain a number of longstanding issues preventing systems HFE from realizing its full impact. There is a research-practice gap, a lack of reliability and validity evidence associated with systems HFE methods, and a shortage of methods that can predict behavior. In this article we revisit each issue, with each co-author providing their own perspective on the extent and causes of each issue, and their resolution. The perspectives reveal a consensus that the issues exist and are problematic but are challenging, multifactorial, and require various solutions. The findings are subsequently synthesized to form an agenda for the wider discipline.

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Rasmussen's legacy in the great outdoors: A new incident reporting and learning system for led outdoor activities

Cited by 57 publications

References 26 publications

Ergonomics issues in sport and outdoor recreation

Ergonomics issues in sport and outdoor recreation

Designing System Reforms: Using a Systems Approach to Translate Incident Analyses into Prevention Strategies

Methodological issues in systems Human Factors and Ergonomics: Perspectives on the research–practice gap, reliability and validity, and prediction

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