Rashba and Dresselhaus Effects in Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites: From Basics to Devices

Abstract

We use symmetry analysis, density functional theory calculations and k · p modeling to scrutinize Rashba and Dresselhaus effects in hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites. These perovskites are at the center of a recent revolution in the field of photovoltaics but have also demonstrated potential for optoelectronic applications such as transistors and light emitters.Due to a large spin-orbit coupling of the most frequently used metals, they are also predicted to offer a promising avenue for spin-based applications. With an in-depth inspection of the electronic structures and bulk lattice symmetries of a variety of systems, we analyse the origin of the spin splitting in two-and three-dimensional hybrid perovskites. It is shown that low-dimensional nanostructures made of CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 (X=I, Br) lead to spin splittings that can be controlled by an applied electric field. This new findings further open the door for a perovskite-based spintronics.

Rashba and Dresselhaus Couplings in Halide Perovskites: Accomplishments and Opportunities for Spintronics and Spin–Orbitronics

“…81 An important feature of both Rashba and Dresselhaus effects is that the combination of timereversal symmetry, SOC and the lack of inversion symmetry produces a spinor splitting, 24 but not pure spin states. 29 The spin continuously processes as for example in the case of a spin-valve after spin injection. 29 In the usual asymmetric 2D electron gases, e.g.…”

“…29 The spin continuously processes as for example in the case of a spin-valve after spin injection. 29 In the usual asymmetric 2D electron gases, e.g. quantum wells, the dominant mechanism for spin relaxation is thus the spin precession driven by the effective magnetic field generated by the spin splitting, i.e.…”

“…Indeed, several compounds belong to polar groups and have been scrutinized. 7,29,56,64,65 One should notice that the above examples have a symmetry axis perpendicular to the staking direction. As a consequence, the Rashba effect is incomplete, i.e.…”

“…Rashba) and Dresselhaus couplings, related to the interplay between time-reversal symmetry and the lack of spatial inversion symmetry, [20][21][22][23] have been predicted as early as 2013 in HOP materials by computational investigations based on 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 A c c e p t e d m a n u s c r i p t X-ray structures. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30] It has recently been demonstrated experimentally by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on a single crystal of methylammonium lead bromide compound (CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 ), 31 exhibiting a coupling of the same order of magnitude than the record set by BiTeI. 32,33 Several groups working in the field of halide perovskites contributed significantly in the last years toward a better understanding of their optoelectronic properties.…”

“…114,115 The Rashba-Dresselhaus effect was proposed initially for hybrid perovskites on the basis of refined crystallographic structures exhibiting an interplay between lack of inversion symmetry, a strong SOC and time reversal symmetry. [24][25][26][27][28][29] More recently, it was proposed that the centrosymmetry breaking may rather occur on a local scale through dynamical fluctuations of the structure. 30,[113][114][115][116] Hence, the Rashba-induced mechanism preventing carrier recombination is suspected to occurs also in structures with centrosymmetry, e.g.…”