Rarely seen coleoid phragmacone steinkerns from the Eocene Castle Hayne Limestone of southeastern North Carolina

Treatise Online no. 171: Part M, Coleoidea. Chapter 23F: Systematic descriptions: Decabrachia

“…Records of belosaepiid phragmocones either in situ with their guards (Edwards, 1849;Meyer, 1993;Fuchs, 2006;Yancey, Garvie, & Wicksten, 2010) or isolated (Weaver, Ciampaglio, & Chandler, 2007) are indispensable for our morphological understanding, but are unfortunately very rare.…”

Seagrass and cuttlefish—an historic association

“…Neige et al (2016) identified Sepia from the middle Eocene. Weaver et al (2007) considered that the middle Eocene Anomalosaepia was a direct ancestor of Sepia. Late Eocene belosaepiid fragments were close to separation of sepiids (Squires, 1988).…”

“…Jeletzky (1969) noted a transition between Sepiidae and Belosepiidae in the middle Eocene beds of the Paris Basin. Hence Sepia may have evolved in the early part of the Eocene (Jeletsky, 1969;Squires, 1988;Weaver et al, 2007;Neige et al, 2016;Košťák et al, 2016).…”