Rare retinal haemorrhages in translational accidental head trauma in children

Pathology of retinal hemorrhage in abusive head trauma

“…In addition, traumatic retinoschisis and perimacular folds are also caused by traction at the macula. Ocular coherence tomography studies have supported this mechanism [34,35]. The preponderance of retinal hemorrhage in the retinal periphery is another manifestation of vitreoretinal traction.…”

Pathology of retinal hemorrhage in abusive head trauma

“…In addition, traumatic retinoschisis and perimacular folds are also caused by traction at the macula. Ocular coherence tomography studies have supported this mechanism [34,35]. The preponderance of retinal hemorrhage in the retinal periphery is another manifestation of vitreoretinal traction.…”

The eye in child abuse: Key points on retinal hemorrhages and abusive head trauma

“…Multiple clinical and postmortem studies of eyes in patients with severe accidental head injury suggest that the rate of retinal hemorrhage is less than 4%, and in most studies the incidence is zero, particularly when the injury is due to a short fall [8,9,16,25]. When retinal hemorrhages occur following accidental injury, the injury history is usually unambiguous and consistent (e.g., motor vehicle accident, witnessed very high fall), the clinical condition is life-threatening, other injuries match the traumatic forces, and the infants have no additional unexplained injuries.…”

Shaking Up Our Approach: The Need for Characterization and Optimization of Pre-clinical Models of Infant Abusive Head Trauma

“…Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been invaluable in detecting retinal pathology and providing diagnostic and prognostic value in children with AHT. [70][71][72] OCT is a rapid, non-invasive imaging modality that allows examination of the retina and optic nerve thickness and can provide an in-depth view of retinal layers. Several case studies have detected retinal pathology that can be related to eye function following an AHT.…”

“…100 Retinoschisis, where the retina separates from the back of the eye, may occur via acceleration/deceleration forces causing the retina to detach. 72,101 Retinoschisis does not present in every case of AHT, but is it rare in non-abusive instances, making it a highly specific indicator. 101,102 Animal models of TBIs Considerations for animal models of AHT Although AHT has been recognized as an important clinical problem for several decades, there remains a relative paucity of pre-clinical modeling to investigate the intricacies of brain injuries within this realm.…”

“…100 Retinoschisis, where the retina separates from the back of the eye, may occur via acceleration/deceleration forces causing the retina to detach. 72,101 Retinoschisis does not present in every case of AHT, but is it rare in non-abusive instances, making it a highly specific indicator. 101,102…”

Pathology of retinal hemorrhage in abusive head trauma

“…In addition, traumatic retinoschisis and perimacular folds are also caused by traction at the macula. Ocular coherence tomography studies have supported this mechanism [34,35]. The preponderance of retinal hemorrhage in the retinal periphery is another manifestation of vitreoretinal traction.…”

The eye in child abuse: Key points on retinal hemorrhages and abusive head trauma

“…Multiple clinical and postmortem studies of eyes in patients with severe accidental head injury suggest that the rate of retinal hemorrhage is less than 4%, and in most studies the incidence is zero, particularly when the injury is due to a short fall [8,9,16,25]. When retinal hemorrhages occur following accidental injury, the injury history is usually unambiguous and consistent (e.g., motor vehicle accident, witnessed very high fall), the clinical condition is life-threatening, other injuries match the traumatic forces, and the infants have no additional unexplained injuries.…”

Shaking Up Our Approach: The Need for Characterization and Optimization of Pre-clinical Models of Infant Abusive Head Trauma

“…Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been invaluable in detecting retinal pathology and providing diagnostic and prognostic value in children with AHT. [70][71][72] OCT is a rapid, non-invasive imaging modality that allows examination of the retina and optic nerve thickness and can provide an in-depth view of retinal layers. Several case studies have detected retinal pathology that can be related to eye function following an AHT.…”

“…100 Retinoschisis, where the retina separates from the back of the eye, may occur via acceleration/deceleration forces causing the retina to detach. 72,101 Retinoschisis does not present in every case of AHT, but is it rare in non-abusive instances, making it a highly specific indicator. 101,102 Animal models of TBIs Considerations for animal models of AHT Although AHT has been recognized as an important clinical problem for several decades, there remains a relative paucity of pre-clinical modeling to investigate the intricacies of brain injuries within this realm.…”

“…100 Retinoschisis, where the retina separates from the back of the eye, may occur via acceleration/deceleration forces causing the retina to detach. 72,101 Retinoschisis does not present in every case of AHT, but is it rare in non-abusive instances, making it a highly specific indicator. 101,102…”

Pathology of retinal hemorrhage in abusive head trauma

“…In addition, traumatic retinoschisis and perimacular folds are also caused by traction at the macula. Ocular coherence tomography studies have supported this mechanism [34,35]. The preponderance of retinal hemorrhage in the retinal periphery is another manifestation of vitreoretinal traction.…”

The eye in child abuse: Key points on retinal hemorrhages and abusive head trauma

“…Multiple clinical and postmortem studies of eyes in patients with severe accidental head injury suggest that the rate of retinal hemorrhage is less than 4%, and in most studies the incidence is zero, particularly when the injury is due to a short fall [8,9,16,25]. When retinal hemorrhages occur following accidental injury, the injury history is usually unambiguous and consistent (e.g., motor vehicle accident, witnessed very high fall), the clinical condition is life-threatening, other injuries match the traumatic forces, and the infants have no additional unexplained injuries.…”

Shaking Up Our Approach: The Need for Characterization and Optimization of Pre-clinical Models of Infant Abusive Head Trauma

“…Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been invaluable in detecting retinal pathology and providing diagnostic and prognostic value in children with AHT. [70][71][72] OCT is a rapid, non-invasive imaging modality that allows examination of the retina and optic nerve thickness and can provide an in-depth view of retinal layers. Several case studies have detected retinal pathology that can be related to eye function following an AHT.…”

“…100 Retinoschisis, where the retina separates from the back of the eye, may occur via acceleration/deceleration forces causing the retina to detach. 72,101 Retinoschisis does not present in every case of AHT, but is it rare in non-abusive instances, making it a highly specific indicator. 101,102 Animal models of TBIs Considerations for animal models of AHT Although AHT has been recognized as an important clinical problem for several decades, there remains a relative paucity of pre-clinical modeling to investigate the intricacies of brain injuries within this realm.…”

“…100 Retinoschisis, where the retina separates from the back of the eye, may occur via acceleration/deceleration forces causing the retina to detach. 72,101 Retinoschisis does not present in every case of AHT, but is it rare in non-abusive instances, making it a highly specific indicator. 101,102…”